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diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-07-17-running-guix-on-nixos.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-07-17-running-guix-on-nixos.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c76ab51 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-07-17-running-guix-on-nixos.po @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: Running Guix on NixOS\n" +"date: 2018-07-17\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: running-guix-on-nixos" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I wanted to run Guix on a NixOS machine. Even though the Guix manual " +"explains how to do it [step by " +"step](https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Binary-" +"Installation.html#Binary-Installation), I needed a few extra ones to make it" +" work properly." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Creating `guixbuilder` users" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Guix requires you to create non-root users that will be used to perform the " +"builds in the isolated environments." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The [manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Build-" +"Environment-Setup.html#Build-Environment-Setup) already provides you with a " +"ready to run (as root) command for creating the build users:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However, In my personal NixOS I have disabled " +"[`users.mutableUsers`](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-user-" +"management), which means that even if I run the above command it means that " +"they'll be removed once I rebuild my OS:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Instead of enabling `users.mutableUsers` I could add the Guix users by " +"adding them to my system configuration:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Here I used `fold` and the `//` operator to merge all of the configuration " +"sets into a single `extraUsers` value." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Creating the `systemd` service" +msgstr "" + +msgid "One other thing missing was the `systemd` service." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"First I couldn't just copy the `.service` file to `/etc` since in NixOS that" +" folder isn't writable. But also I wanted the service to be better " +"integrated with the OS." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"That was a little easier than creating the users, all I had to do was " +"translate the provided [`guix-" +"daemon.service.in`](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/tree/etc/guix-" +"daemon.service.in?id=00c86a888488b16ce30634d3a3a9d871ed6734a2) configuration" +" to an equivalent Nix expression" +msgstr "" + +msgid "This sample `systemd` configuration file became:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There you go! After running `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` I could get Guix up " +"and running:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Some improvements to this approach are:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"looking into [NixOS modules](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-" +"writing-modules) and trying to bundle everything together into a single " +"logical unit;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[build Guix from " +"source](https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Requirements.html#Requirements)" +" and share the Nix store and daemon with Guix." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Happy Guix/Nix hacking!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"groupadd --system guixbuild\n" +"for i in `seq -w 1 10`;\n" +"do\n" +" useradd -g guixbuild -G guixbuild \\\n" +" -d /var/empty -s `which nologin` \\\n" +" -c \"Guix build user $i\" --system \\\n" +" guixbuilder$i;\n" +"done\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ sudo nixos-rebuild switch\n" +"(...)\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder7’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder3’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder10’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder1’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder6’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder9’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder4’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder2’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder8’\n" +"removing user ‘guixbuilder5’\n" +"(...)\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"{ config, pkgs, ...}:\n" +"\n" +"{\n" +"\n" +" # ... NixOS usual config ellided ...\n" +"\n" +" users = {\n" +" mutableUsers = false;\n" +"\n" +" extraUsers =\n" +" let\n" +" andrehUser = {\n" +" andreh = {\n" +" # my custom user config\n" +" };\n" +" };\n" +" buildUser = (i:\n" +" {\n" +" \"guixbuilder${i}\" = { # guixbuilder$i\n" +" group = \"guixbuild\"; # -g guixbuild\n" +" extraGroups = [\"guixbuild\"]; # -G guixbuild\n" +" home = \"/var/empty\"; # -d /var/empty\n" +" shell = pkgs.nologin; # -s `which nologin`\n" +" description = \"Guix build user ${i}\"; # -c \"Guix buid user $i\"\n" +" isSystemUser = true; # --system\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +" );\n" +" in\n" +" # merge all users\n" +" pkgs.lib.fold (str: acc: acc // buildUser str)\n" +" andrehUser\n" +" # for i in `seq -w 1 10`\n" +" (map (pkgs.lib.fixedWidthNumber 2) (builtins.genList (n: n+1) 10));\n" +"\n" +" extraGroups.guixbuild = {\n" +" name = \"guixbuild\";\n" +" };\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"# This is a \"service unit file\" for the systemd init system to launch\n" +"# 'guix-daemon'. Drop it in /etc/systemd/system or similar to have\n" +"# 'guix-daemon' automatically started.\n" +"\n" +"[Unit]\n" +"Description=Build daemon for GNU Guix\n" +"\n" +"[Service]\n" +"ExecStart=/var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/guix-profile/bin/guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild\n" +"Environment=GUIX_LOCPATH=/root/.guix-profile/lib/locale\n" +"RemainAfterExit=yes\n" +"StandardOutput=syslog\n" +"StandardError=syslog\n" +"\n" +"# See <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-04/msg00608.html>.\n" +"# Some package builds (for example, go@1.8.1) may require even more than\n" +"# 1024 tasks.\n" +"TasksMax=8192\n" +"\n" +"[Install]\n" +"WantedBy=multi-user.target\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"guix-daemon = {\n" +" enable = true;\n" +" description = \"Build daemon for GNU Guix\";\n" +" serviceConfig = {\n" +" ExecStart = \"/var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/guix-profile/bin/guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild\";\n" +" Environment=\"GUIX_LOCPATH=/root/.guix-profile/lib/locale\";\n" +" RemainAfterExit=\"yes\";\n" +" StandardOutput=\"syslog\";\n" +" StandardError=\"syslog\";\n" +" TaskMax= \"8192\";\n" +" };\n" +" wantedBy = [ \"multi-user.target\" ];\n" +"};\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ guix package -i hello\n" +"The following package will be installed:\n" +" hello 2.10 /gnu/store/bihfrh609gkxb9dp7n96wlpigiv3krfy-hello-2.10\n" +"\n" +"substitute: updating substitutes from 'https://mirror.hydra.gnu.org'... 100.0%\n" +"The following derivations will be built:\n" +" /gnu/store/nznmdn6inpwxnlkrasydmda4s2vsp9hg-profile.drv\n" +" /gnu/store/vibqrvw4c8lacxjrkqyzqsdrmckv77kq-fonts-dir.drv\n" +" /gnu/store/hi8alg7wi0wgfdi3rn8cpp37zhx8ykf3-info-dir.drv\n" +" /gnu/store/cvkbp378cvfjikz7mjymhrimv7j12p0i-ca-certificate-bundle.drv\n" +" /gnu/store/d62fvxymnp95rzahhmhf456bsf0xg1c6-manual-database.drv\n" +"Creating manual page database...\n" +"1 entries processed in 0.0 s\n" +"2 packages in profile\n" +"$ hello\n" +"Hello, world!\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I couldn't just install GuixSD because my wireless network card doesn't have" +" any free drivers (yet)." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "I couldn't just install GuixSD because my wireless network card doesn't have" +#~ " any free/libre drivers (yet)." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-08-01-verifying-npm-ci-reproducibility.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-08-01-verifying-npm-ci-reproducibility.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4af1a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-08-01-verifying-npm-ci-reproducibility.po @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: Verifying \"npm ci\" reproducibility\n" +"date: 2018-08-01\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: verifying-npm-ci-reproducibility\n" +"updated_at: 2019-05-22" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When [npm@5](https://blog.npmjs.org/post/161081169345/v500) came bringing " +"[package-locks](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package-locks) with it, I was " +"confused about the benefits it provided, since running `npm install` more " +"than once could resolve all the dependencies again and yield yet another " +"fresh `package-lock.json` file. The message saying \"you should add this " +"file to version control\" left me hesitant on what to do[^package-lock-" +"message](The)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However the [addition of `npm " +"ci`](https://blog.npmjs.org/post/171556855892/introducing-npm-ci-for-faster-" +"more-reliable) filled this gap: it's a stricter variation of `npm install` " +"which guarantees that \"[subsequent installs are able to generate identical " +"trees](https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package-lock.json)\". But are they " +"really identical? I could see that I didn't have the same problems of " +"different installation outputs, but I didn't know for **sure** if it was " +"really identical." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Computing the hash of a directory's content" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I quickly searched for a way to check for the hash signature of an entire " +"directory tree, but I couldn't find one. I've made a poor man's [Merkle " +"tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree) implementation using " +"`sha256sum` and a few piped commands at the terminal:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Going through it line by line:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "#1 we define a Bash function called `merkle-tree`;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#2 it accepts a single argument: the directory to compute the merkle tree " +"from. If nothing is given, it runs on the current directory (`.`);" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#3 we go to the directory, so we don't get different prefixes in `find`'s " +"output (like `../a/b`);" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#4 we get all files from the directory tree. Since we're using `sha256sum` " +"to compute the hash of the file contents, we need to filter out folders from" +" it;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#5 we need to sort the output, since different file systems and `find` " +"implementations may return files in different orders;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#6 we use `xargs` to compute the hash of each file individually through " +"`sha256sum`. Since a file may contain spaces we need to escape it with " +"quotes;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#7 we compute the hash of the combined hashes. Since `sha256sum` output is " +"formatted like `<hash> <filename>`, it produces a different final hash if a " +"file ever changes name without changing it's content;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#8 we get the final hash output, excluding the `<filename>` (which is `-` in" +" this case, aka `stdin`)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Positive points:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ignore timestamp: running more than once on different installation yields " +"the same hash;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "the name of the file is included in the final hash computation." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Limitations:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "it ignores empty folders from the hash computation;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"the implementation's only goal is to represent using a digest whether the " +"content of a given directory is the same or not. Leaf presence checking is " +"obviously missing from it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Testing locally with sample data" +msgstr "" + +msgid "It seems to work for this simple test case." +msgstr "" + +msgid "You can try copying and pasting it to verify the hash signatures." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Using `merkle-tree` to check the output of `npm ci`" +msgstr "" + +msgid "*I've done all of the following using Node.js v8.11.3 and npm@6.1.0.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In this test case I'll take the main repo of " +"[Lerna](https://lernajs.io/)[^lerna-package-lock]:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Good job `npm ci` :)" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#6 and #9 take some time to run (21 seconds in my machine), but this " +"specific use case isn't performance sensitive. The slowest step is computing" +" the hash of each individual file." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "`npm ci` really \"generates identical trees\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I'm not aware of any other existing solution for verifying the hash " +"signature of a directory. If you know any I'd [like to know](mailto:{{ " +"site.author.email }})." +msgstr "" + +msgid "*Edit*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[documentation](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install#description) claims `npm " +"install` is driven by the existing `package-lock.json`, but that's actually " +"[a little bit " +"tricky](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/17979#issuecomment-332701215)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^lerna-package-lock]: Finding a big known repo that actually committed the " +"`package-lock.json` file was harder than I expected." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"merkle-tree () {\n" +" dirname=\"${1-.}\"\n" +" pushd \"$dirname\"\n" +" find . -type f | \\\n" +" sort | \\\n" +" xargs -I{} sha256sum \"{}\" | \\\n" +" sha256sum | \\\n" +" awk '{print $1}'\n" +" popd\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"mkdir /tmp/merkle-tree-test/\n" +"cd /tmp/merkle-tree-test/\n" +"mkdir -p a/b/ a/c/ d/\n" +"echo \"one\" > a/b/one.txt\n" +"echo \"two\" > a/c/two.txt\n" +"echo \"three\" > d/three.txt\n" +"merkle-tree . # output is be343bb01fe00aeb8fef14a3e16b1c3d1dccbf86d7e41b4753e6ccb7dc3a57c3\n" +"merkle-tree . # output still is be343bb01fe00aeb8fef14a3e16b1c3d1dccbf86d7e41b4753e6ccb7dc3a57c3\n" +"echo \"four\" > d/four.txt\n" +"merkle-tree . # output is now b5464b958969ed81815641ace96b33f7fd52c20db71a7fccc45a36b3a2ae4d4c\n" +"rm d/four.txt\n" +"merkle-tree . # output back to be343bb01fe00aeb8fef14a3e16b1c3d1dccbf86d7e41b4753e6ccb7dc3a57c3\n" +"echo \"hidden-five\" > a/b/one.txt\n" +"merkle-tree . # output changed 471fae0d074947e4955e9ac53e95b56e4bc08d263d89d82003fb58a0ffba66f5\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"cd /tmp/\n" +"git clone https://github.com/lerna/lerna.git\n" +"cd lerna/\n" +"git checkout 57ff865c0839df75dbe1974971d7310f235e1109\n" +"npm ci\n" +"merkle-tree node_modules/ # outputs 11e218c4ac32fac8a9607a8da644fe870a25c99821167d21b607af45699afafa\n" +"rm -rf node_modules/\n" +"npm ci\n" +"merkle-tree node_modules/ # outputs 11e218c4ac32fac8a9607a8da644fe870a25c99821167d21b607af45699afafa\n" +"npm ci # test if it also works with an existing node_modules/ folder\n" +"merkle-tree node_modules/ # outputs 11e218c4ac32fac8a9607a8da644fe870a25c99821167d21b607af45699afafa\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "2019-05-22: Fix spelling." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "2019/05/22: Fix spelling." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-12-21-using-youtube-dl-to-manage-youtube-subscriptions.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-12-21-using-youtube-dl-to-manage-youtube-subscriptions.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c66831d --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2018-12-21-using-youtube-dl-to-manage-youtube-subscriptions.po @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: Using \"youtube-dl\" to manage YouTube subscriptions\n" +"date: 2018-12-21\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: using-youtube-dl-to-manage-youtube-subscriptions" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I've recently read the " +"[announcement](https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/9sg8q5/i_built_a_selfhosted_youtube_subscription_manager/)" +" of a very nice [self-hosted YouTube subscription " +"manager](https://github.com/chibicitiberiu/ytsm). I haven't used YouTube's " +"built-in subscriptions for a while now, and haven't missed it at all. When I" +" saw the announcement, I considered writing about the solution I've built on" +" top of [youtube-dl](https://youtube-dl.org/)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Background: the problem with YouTube" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In many ways, I agree with [André Staltz's view on data ownership and " +"privacy](https://staltz.com/what-happens-when-you-block-internet-" +"giants.html):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I started with the basic premise that \"I want to be in control of my " +"data\". Sometimes that meant choosing when to interact with an internet " +"giant and how much I feel like revealing to them. Most of times it meant not" +" interacting with them at all. I don't want to let them be in full control " +"of how much they can know about me. I don't want to be in autopilot mode. " +"(...) Which leads us to YouTube. While I was able to find alternatives to " +"Gmail (Fastmail), Calendar (Fastmail), Translate (Yandex Translate), *etc.* " +"YouTube remains as the most indispensable Google-owned web service. It is " +"really really hard to avoid consuming YouTube content. It was probably the " +"smartest startup acquisition ever. My privacy-oriented alternative is to " +"watch YouTube videos through Tor, which is technically feasible but not " +"polite to use the Tor bandwidth for these purposes. I'm still scratching my " +"head with this issue." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though I don't use most alternative services he mentions, I do watch " +"videos from YouTube. But I also feel uncomfortable logging in to YouTube " +"with a Google account, watching videos, creating playlists and similar " +"things." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Using the mobile app is worse: you can't even block ads in there. You're in " +"less control on what you share with YouTube and Google." +msgstr "" + +msgid "youtube-dl" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"youtube-dl is a command-line tool for downloading videos, from YouTube and " +"[many other sites](https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/supportedsites.html):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It can be used to download individual videos as showed above, but it also " +"has some interesting flags that we can use:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"`--output`: use a custom template to create the name of the downloaded file;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"`--download-archive`: use a text file for recording and remembering which " +"videos were already downloaded;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"`--prefer-free-formats`: prefer free video formats, like `webm`, `ogv` and " +"Matroska `mkv`;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"`--playlist-end`: how many videos to download from a \"playlist\" (a " +"channel, a user or an actual playlist);" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"`--write-description`: write the video description to a `.description` file," +" useful for accessing links and extra content." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Putting it all together:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This will download the latest 20 videos from the selected channel, and write" +" down the video IDs in the `youtube-dl-seen.conf` file. Running it " +"immediately after one more time won't have any effect." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If the channel posts one more video, running the same command again will " +"download only the last video, since the other 19 were already downloaded." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With this basic setup you have a minimal subscription system at work, and " +"you can create some functions to help you manage that:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With these functions, you now can have a subscription fetching script to " +"download the latest videos from your favorite channels:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Now, whenever you want to watch the latest videos, just run the above script" +" and you'll get all of them in your local machine." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Tradeoffs" +msgstr "" + +msgid "I've made it for myself, with my use case in mind" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Offline" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"My internet speed it somewhat reasonable[^internet-speed], but it is really " +"unstable. Either at work or at home, it's not uncommon to loose internet " +"access for 2 minutes 3~5 times every day, and stay completely offline for a " +"couple of hours once every week." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Working through the hassle of keeping a playlist on disk has payed off many," +" many times. Sometimes I even not notice when the connection drops for some " +"minutes, because I'm watching a video and working on some document, all on " +"my local computer." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There's also no quality adjustment for YouTube's web player, I always pick " +"the higher quality and it doesn't change during the video. For some types of" +" content, like a podcast with some tiny visual resources, this doesn't " +"change much. For other types of content, like a keynote presentation with " +"text written on the slides, watching on 144p isn't really an option." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If the internet connection drops during the video download, youtube-dl will " +"resume from where it stopped." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is an offline first benefit that I really like, and works well for me." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Sync the \"seen\" file" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I already have a running instance of Nextcloud, so just dumping the " +"`youtube-dl-seen.conf` file inside Nextcloud was a no-brainer." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"You could try putting it in a dedicated git repository, and wrap the script " +"with an autocommit after every run. If you ever had a merge conflict, you'd " +"simply accept all changes and then run:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "to tidy up the file." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Doesn't work on mobile" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"My primary device that I use everyday is my laptop, not my phone. It works " +"well for me this way." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Also, it's harder to add ad-blockers to mobile phones, and most mobile " +"software still depends on Google's and Apple's blessing." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you wish, you can sync the videos to the SD card periodically, but that's" +" a bit of extra manual work." +msgstr "" + +msgid "The Good" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Better privacy" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"We don't even have to configure the ad-blocker to keep ads and trackers " +"away!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"YouTube still has your IP address, so using a VPN is always a good idea. " +"However, a timing analysis would be able to identify you (considering the " +"current implementation)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "No need to self-host" +msgstr "" + +msgid "There's no host that needs maintenance. Everything runs locally." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As long as you keep youtube-dl itself up to date and sync your \"seen\" " +"file, there's little extra work to do." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Track your subscriptions with git" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After creating a `subscriptions.sh` executable that downloads all the " +"videos, you can add it to git and use it to track metadata about your " +"subscriptions." +msgstr "" + +msgid "The Bad" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Maximum playlist size is your disk size" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a good thing for getting a realistic view on your actual \"watch " +"later\" list. However I've run out of disk space many times, and now I need " +"to be more aware of how much is left." +msgstr "" + +msgid "The Ugly" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"We can only avoid all the bad parts of YouTube with youtube-dl as long as " +"YouTube keeps the videos public and programmatically accessible. If YouTube " +"ever blocks that we'd loose the ability to consume content this way, but " +"also loose confidence on considering YouTube a healthy repository of videos " +"on the internet." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Going beyond" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Since you're running everything locally, here are some possibilities to be " +"explored:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "A playlist that is too long for being downloaded all at once" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"You can wrap the `download_playlist` function (let's call the wrapper " +"`inc_download`) and instead of passing it a fixed number to the `--playlist-" +"end` parameter, you can store the `$n` in a folder (something like " +"`$HOME/.yt-db/$PLAYLIST_ID`) and increment it by `$step` every time you run " +"`inc_download`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This way you can incrementally download videos from a huge playlist without " +"filling your disk with gigabytes of content all at once." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Multiple computer scenario" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The `download_playlist` function could be aware of the specific machine that" +" it is running on and apply specific policies depending on the machine: " +"always download everything; only download videos that aren't present " +"anywhere else; *etc.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"youtube-dl is a great tool to keep at hand. It covers a really large range " +"of video websites and works robustly." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Feel free to copy and modify this code, and [send me](mailto:{{ " +"site.author.email }}) suggestions of improvements or related content." +msgstr "" + +msgid "*Edit*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^internet-speed]: Considering how expensive it is and the many ways it " +"could be better, but also how much it has improved over the last years, I " +"say it's reasonable." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnMYZnY3uLA\n" +"[youtube] rnMYZnY3uLA: Downloading webpage\n" +"[youtube] rnMYZnY3uLA: Downloading video info webpage\n" +"[download] Destination: A Origem da Vida _ Nerdologia-rnMYZnY3uLA.mp4\n" +"[download] 100% of 32.11MiB in 00:12\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ youtube-dl \"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClu474HMt895mVxZdlIHXEA\" \\\n" +" --download-archive ~/Nextcloud/cache/youtube-dl-seen.conf \\\n" +" --prefer-free-formats \\\n" +" --playlist-end 20 \\\n" +" --write-description \\\n" +" --output \"~/Downloads/yt-dl/%(uploader)s/%(upload_date)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s\"\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#!/bin/sh\n" +"\n" +"export DEFAULT_PLAYLIST_END=15\n" +"\n" +"download() {\n" +" youtube-dl \"$1\" \\\n" +" --download-archive ~/Nextcloud/cache/youtube-dl-seen.conf \\\n" +" --prefer-free-formats \\\n" +" --playlist-end $2 \\\n" +" --write-description \\\n" +" --output \"~/Downloads/yt-dl/%(uploader)s/%(upload_date)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s\"\n" +"}\n" +"export -f download\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"download_user() {\n" +" download \"https://www.youtube.com/user/$1\" ${2-$DEFAULT_PLAYLIST_END}\n" +"}\n" +"export -f download_user\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"download_channel() {\n" +" download \"https://www.youtube.com/channel/$1\" ${2-$DEFAULT_PLAYLIST_END}\n" +"}\n" +"export -f download_channel\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"download_playlist() {\n" +" download \"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=$1\" ${2-$DEFAULT_PLAYLIST_END}\n" +"}\n" +"export -f download_playlist\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#!/bin/sh\n" +"\n" +"download_user ClojureTV 15\n" +"download_channel \"UCmEClzCBDx-vrt0GuSKBd9g\" 100\n" +"download_playlist \"PLqG7fA3EaMRPzL5jzd83tWcjCUH9ZUsbX\" 15\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "$ uniq youtube-dl-seen.conf > youtube-dl-seen.conf\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "2019-05-22: Fix spelling." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "2019/05/22: Fix spelling." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2019-06-02-using-nixos-as-an-stateless-workstation.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2019-06-02-using-nixos-as-an-stateless-workstation.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c469b02 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2019-06-02-using-nixos-as-an-stateless-workstation.po @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Last week[^last-week] I changed back to an old[^old-computer] Samsung " +"laptop, and installed [NixOS](https://nixos.org/) on it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After using NixOS on another laptop for around two years, I wanted verify " +"how reproducible was my desktop environment, and how far does NixOS actually" +" can go on recreating my whole OS from my configuration files and personal " +"data. I gravitated towards NixOS after trying (and failing) to create an " +"`install.sh` script that would imperatively install and configure my whole " +"OS using apt-get. When I found a GNU/Linux distribution that was built on " +"top of the idea of declaratively specifying the whole OS I was automatically" +" convinced[^convinced-by-declarative-aspect]." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I was impressed. Even though I've been experiencing the benefits of Nix " +"isolation daily, I always felt skeptical that something would be missing, " +"because the devil is always on the details. But the result was much better " +"than expected!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "There were only 2 missing configurations:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "tap-to-click on the touchpad wasn't enabled by default;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"the default theme from the gnome-terminal is \"Black on white\" instead of " +"\"White on black\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "That's all." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I haven't checked if I can configure those in NixOS GNOME module, but I " +"guess both are scriptable and could be set in a fictional `setup.sh` run." +msgstr "" + +msgid "This makes me really happy, actually. More happy than I anticipated." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Having such a powerful declarative OS makes me feel like my data is the " +"really important stuff (as it should be), and I can interact with it on any " +"workstation. All I need is an internet connection and a few hours to " +"download everything. It feels like my physical workstation and the installed" +" OS are serving me and my data, instead of me feeling as hostage to the " +"specific OS configuration at the moment. Having a few backup copies of " +"everything important extends such peacefulness." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After this positive experience with recreating my OS from simple Nix " +"expressions, I started to wonder how far I could go with this, and started " +"considering other areas of improvements:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "First run on a fresh NixOS installation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Right now the initial setup relies on non-declarative manual tasks, like " +"decrypting some credentials, or manually downloading **this** git repository" +" with specific configurations before **that** one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I wonder what some areas of improvements are on this topic, and if investing" +" on it is worth it (both time-wise and happiness-wise)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Emacs" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Right now I'm using the [Spacemacs](http://spacemacs.org/), which is a " +"community package curation and configuration on top of " +"[Emacs](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Spacemacs does support the notion of " +"[layers](http://spacemacs.org/doc/LAYERS.html), which you can declaratively " +"specify and let Spacemacs do the rest." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However this solution isn't nearly as robust as Nix: being purely " +"functional, Nix does describe everything required to build a derivation, and" +" knows how to do so. Spacemacs it closer to more traditional package " +"managers: even though the layers list is declarative, the installation is " +"still very much imperative. I've had trouble with Spacemacs not behaving the" +" same on different computers, both with identical configurations, only " +"brought to convergence back again after a `git clean -fdx` inside " +"`~/.emacs.d/`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The ideal solution would be managing Emacs packages with Nix itself. After a" +" quick search I did found that [there is support for Emacs packages in " +"Nix](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#module-services-emacs-adding-" +"packages). So far I was only aware of [Guix support for Emacs " +"packages](https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Application-" +"Setup.html#Emacs-Packages)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This isn't a trivial change because Spacemacs does include extra curation " +"and configuration on top of Emacs packages. I'm not sure the best way to " +"improve this right now." +msgstr "" + +msgid "myrepos" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I'm using [myrepos](https://myrepos.branchable.com/) to manage all my git " +"repositories, and the general rule I apply is to add any repository specific" +" configuration in myrepos' `checkout` phase:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This way when I clone this repo again the email sending is already pre-" +"configured." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This works well enough, but the solution is too imperative, and my " +"`checkout` phases tend to become brittle over time if not enough care is " +"taken." +msgstr "" + +msgid "GNU Stow" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I'm really satisfied with NixOS, and I intend to keep using it. If what I've" +" said interests you, maybe try tinkering with the [Nix package " +"manager](https://nixos.org/nix/) (not the whole NixOS) on your current " +"distribution (it can live alongside any other package manager)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you have experience with declarative Emacs package managements, GNU Stow " +"or any similar tool, *etc.*, [I'd like some tips](mailto:{{ " +"site.author.email }}). If you don't have any experience at all, I'd still " +"love to hear from you." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^last-week]: \"Last week\" as of the start of this writing, so around the " +"end of May 2019." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^old-computer]: I was using a 32GB RAM, i7 and 250GB SSD Samsung laptop. " +"The switch was back to a 8GB RAM, i5 and 500GB HDD Dell laptop. The biggest " +"difference I noticed was on faster memory, both RAM availability and the " +"disk speed, but I had 250GB less local storage space." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^convinced-by-declarative-aspect]: The declarative configuration aspect is " +"something that I now completely take for granted, and wouldn't consider " +"using something which isn't declarative. A good metric to show this is me " +"realising that I can't pinpoint the moment when I decided to switch to " +"NixOS. It's like I had a distant past when this wasn't true." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"# sample ~/.mrconfig file snippet\n" +"[dev/guix/guix]\n" +"checkout =\n" +" git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git guix\n" +" cd guix/\n" +" git config sendemail.to guix-patches@gnu.org\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "title: Using NixOS as an stateless workstation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2019-06-02" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "ref: using-nixos-as-an-stateless-workstation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For my home profile and personal configuration I already have a few dozens " +"of symlinks that I manage manually. This has worked so far, but the solution" +" is sometimes fragile and [not declarative at " +"all](https://euandreh.xyz/dotfiles.git/tree/bash/symlinks.sh?id=316939aa215181b1d22b69e94241eef757add98d)." +" I wonder if something like [GNU Stow](https://www.gnu.org/software/stow/) " +"can help me simplify this." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: Using NixOS as an stateless workstation\n" +#~ "date: 2019-06-02\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: using-nixos-as-an-stateless-workstation" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "For my home profile and personal configuration I already have a few dozens " +#~ "of symlinks that I manage manually. This has worked so far, but the solution" +#~ " is sometimes fragile and [not declarative at " +#~ "all](https://git.sr.ht/~euandreh/dotfiles/tree/316939aa215181b1d22b69e94241eef757add98d/bash/symlinks.sh#L14-75)." +#~ " I wonder if something like [GNU Stow](https://www.gnu.org/software/stow/) " +#~ "can help me simplify this." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-08-10-guix-inside-sourcehut-builds-sr-ht-ci.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-08-10-guix-inside-sourcehut-builds-sr-ht-ci.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2396848 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-08-10-guix-inside-sourcehut-builds-sr-ht-ci.po @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: Guix inside sourcehut builds.sr.ht CI\n" +"date: 2020-08-10\n" +"updated_at: 2020-08-19\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: guix-inside-sourcehut-builds-sr-ht-ci" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After the release of the [NixOS images in " +"builds.sr.ht](https://man.sr.ht/builds.sr.ht/compatibility.md#nixos) and " +"much usage of it, I also started looking at [Guix](https://guix.gnu.org/) " +"and wondered if I could get it on the awesome builds.sr.ht service." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The Guix manual section on the [binary " +"installation](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/en/guix.html#Binary-Installation) " +"is very thorough, and even a [shell installer " +"script](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-" +"install.sh) is provided, but it is built towards someone installing Guix on " +"their personal computer, and relies heavily on interactive input." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I developed the following set of scripts that I have been using for some " +"time to run Guix tasks inside builds.sr.ht jobs. First, `install-guix.sh`:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Almost all of it is taken directly from the [binary " +"installation](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/en/guix.html#Binary-Installation) " +"section from the manual, with the interactive bits stripped out: after " +"downloading and extracting the Guix tarball, we create some symlinks, add " +"guixbuild users and authorize the `ci.guix.gnu.org.pub` signing key." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After installing Guix, we perform a `guix pull` to update Guix inside " +"`start-guix.sh`:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Then we can put it all together in a sample `.build.yml` configuration file " +"I'm using myself:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"We have to add the `guix-daemon` to `~/.buildenv` so it can be started on " +"every following task run. Also, since we used `wget` inside `install-" +"guix.sh`, we had to add it to the images package list." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After the `install-guix` task, you can use Guix to build and test your " +"project, or run any `guix environment --ad-hoc my-package -- my script` :)" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Improvements" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When I originally created this code I had a reason why to have both a `sudo`" +" call for `sudo ./scripts/install-guix.sh` and `sudo` usages inside " +"`install-guix.sh` itself. I couldn't figure out why (it feels like my past " +"self was a bit smarter 😬), but it feels ugly now. If it is truly required I " +"could add an explanation for it, or remove this entirely in favor of a more " +"elegant solution." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I could also contribute the Guix image upstream to builds.sr.ht, but there " +"wasn't any build or smoke tests in the original " +"[repository](https://git.sr.ht/~sircmpwn/builds.sr.ht), so I wasn't inclined" +" to make something that just \"works on my machine\" or add a maintainence " +"burden to the author. I didn't look at it again recently, though." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env bash\n" +"set -x\n" +"set -Eeuo pipefail\n" +"\n" +"VERSION='1.0.1'\n" +"SYSTEM='x86_64-linux'\n" +"BINARY=\"guix-binary-${VERSION}.${SYSTEM}.tar.xz\"\n" +"\n" +"cd /tmp\n" +"wget \"https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guix/${BINARY}\"\n" +"tar -xf \"${BINARY}\"\n" +"\n" +"sudo mv var/guix /var/\n" +"sudo mv gnu /\n" +"sudo mkdir -p ~root/.config/guix\n" +"sudo ln -fs /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix ~root/.config/guix/current\n" +"\n" +"GUIX_PROFILE=\"$(echo ~root)/.config/guix/current\"\n" +"source \"${GUIX_PROFILE}/etc/profile\"\n" +"\n" +"groupadd --system guixbuild\n" +"for i in $(seq -w 1 10);\n" +"do\n" +" useradd -g guixbuild \\\n" +" -G guixbuild \\\n" +" -d /var/empty \\\n" +" -s \"$(command -v nologin)\" \\\n" +" -c \"Guix build user ${i}\" --system \\\n" +" \"guixbuilder${i}\";\n" +"done\n" +"\n" +"mkdir -p /usr/local/bin\n" +"cd /usr/local/bin\n" +"ln -s /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/bin/guix .\n" +"ln -s /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/bin/guix-daemon .\n" +"\n" +"guix archive --authorize < ~root/.config/guix/current/share/guix/ci.guix.gnu.org.pub\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env bash\n" +"set -x\n" +"set -Eeuo pipefail\n" +"\n" +"sudo guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild &\n" +"guix pull\n" +"guix package -u\n" +"guix --version\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"image: debian/stable\n" +"packages:\n" +" - wget\n" +"sources:\n" +" - https://git.sr.ht/~euandreh/songbooks\n" +"tasks:\n" +" - install-guix: |\n" +" cd ./songbooks/\n" +" ./scripts/install-guix.sh\n" +" ./scripts/start-guix.sh\n" +" echo 'sudo guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild &' >> ~/.buildenv\n" +" echo 'export PATH=\"${HOME}/.config/guix/current/bin${PATH:+:}$PATH\"' >> ~/.buildenv\n" +" - tests: |\n" +" cd ./songbooks/\n" +" guix environment -m build-aux/guix.scm -- make check\n" +" - docs: |\n" +" cd ./songbooks/\n" +" guix environment -m build-aux/guix.scm -- make publish-dist\n" +msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-08-31-the-database-i-wish-i-had.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-08-31-the-database-i-wish-i-had.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..753c699 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-08-31-the-database-i-wish-i-had.po @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I watched the talk \"[Platform as a Reflection of Values: Joyent, Node.js " +"and beyond](https://vimeo.com/230142234)\" by Bryan Cantrill, and I think he" +" was able to put into words something I already felt for some time: if " +"there's no piece of software out there that reflects your values, it's time " +"for you to build that software[^talk-time]." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^talk-time]: At the very end, at time 29:49. When talking about the draft " +"of this article with a friend, he noted that Bryan O'Sullivan (a different " +"Bryan) says a similar thing on his talk \"[Running a startup on " +"Haskell](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR3Jirqk6W8)\", at time 4:15." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I kind of agree with what he said, because this is already happening to me. " +"I long for a database with a certain set of values, and for a few years I " +"was just waiting for someone to finally write it. After watching his talk, " +"Bryan is saying to me: \"time to stop waiting, and start writing it " +"yourself\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So let me try to give an overview of such database, and go over its values." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Overview" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I want a database that allows me to create decentralized client-side " +"applications that can sync data." +msgstr "" + +msgid "The best one-line description I can give right now is:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "It's sort of like PouchDB, Git, Datomic, SQLite and Mentat." +msgstr "" + +msgid "A more descriptive version could be:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "An embedded, immutable, syncable relational database." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Let's go over what I mean by each of those aspects one by one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Embedded" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I think the server-side database landscape is diverse and mature enough for " +"my needs (even though I end up choosing SQLite most of the time), and what " +"I'm after is a database to be embedded on client-side applications itself, " +"be it desktop, browser, mobile, *etc.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The purpose of such database is not to keep some local cache of data in case" +" of lost connectivity: we have good solutions for that already. It should " +"serve as the source of truth, and allow the application to work on top of " +"it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[**SQLite**](https://sqlite.org/index.html) is a great example of that: it " +"is a very powerful relational database that runs [almost " +"anywhere](https://sqlite.org/whentouse.html). What I miss from it that " +"SQLite doesn't provide is the ability to run it on the browser: even though " +"you could compile it to WebAssembly, ~~it assumes a POSIX filesystem that " +"would have to be emulated~~[^posix-sqlite]." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^posix-sqlite]: It was [pointed out to " +"me](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24338881) that SQLite doesn't " +"assume the existence of a POSIX filesystem, as I wrongly stated. Thanks for " +"the correction." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[**PouchDB**](https://pouchdb.com/) is another great example: it's a full " +"reimplementation of [CouchDB](https://couchdb.apache.org/) that targets " +"JavaScript environments, mainly the browser and Node.js. However I want a " +"tool that can be deployed anywhere, and not limit its applications to places" +" that already have a JavaScript runtime environment, or force the developer " +"to bundle a JavaScript runtime environment with their application. This is " +"true for GTK+ applications, command line programs, Android apps, *etc.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[**Mentat**](https://github.com/mozilla/mentat) was an interesting project, " +"but its reliance on SQLite makes it inherit most of the downsides (and " +"benefits too) of SQLite itself." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Having such a requirement imposes a different approach to storage: we have " +"to decouple the knowledge about the intricacies of storage from the usage of" +" storage itself, so that a module (say query processing) can access storage " +"through an API without needing to know about its implementation. This allows" +" the database to target a POSIX filesystems storage API and an IndexedDB " +"storage API, and make the rest of the code agnostic about storage. PouchDB " +"has such mechanism (called [adapters](https://pouchdb.com/adapters.html)) " +"and Datomic has them too (called [storage " +"services](https://docs.datomic.com/on-prem/storage.html))." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This would allow the database to adapt to where it is embedded: when " +"targeting the browser the IndexedDB storage API would provide the " +"persistence layer that the database requires, and similarly the POSIX " +"filesystem storage API would provide the persistence layer when targeting " +"POSIX systems (like desktops, mobile, *etc.*)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But there's also an extra restriction that comes from by being embedded: it " +"needs to provide and embeddable artifact, most likely a binary library " +"object that exposes a C compatible FFI, similar to [how SQLite " +"does](https://www.sqlite.org/amalgamation.html). Bundling a full runtime " +"environment is possible, but doesn't make it a compelling solution for " +"embedding. This rules out most languages, and leaves us with C, Rust, Zig, " +"and similar options that can target POSIX systems and WebAssembly." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Immutable" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Being immutable means that only new information is added, no in-place update" +" ever happens, and nothing is ever deleted." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Having an immutable database presents us with similar trade-offs found in " +"persistent data structures, like lack of coordination when doing reads, " +"caches being always coherent, and more usage of space." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[**Datomic**](https://www.datomic.com/) is the go to database example of " +"this: it will only add information (datoms) and allows you to query them in " +"a multitude of ways. Stuart Halloway calls it \"accumulate-only\" over " +"\"append-only\"[^accumulate-only](Video \"[Day of Datomic Part " +"2](https://vimeo.com/116315075)\"):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It's accumulate-only, it is not append-only. So append-only, most people " +"when they say that they're implying something physical about what happens." +msgstr "" + +msgid "on Datomic's information model, at time 12:28." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Also a database can be append-only and overwrite existing information with " +"new information, by doing clean-ups of \"stale\" data. I prefer to adopt the" +" \"accumulate-only\" naming and approach." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[**Git**](https://git-scm.com/) is another example of this: new commits are " +"always added on top of the previous data, and it grows by adding commits " +"instead of replacing existing ones." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Git repositories can only grow in size, and that is not only an acceptable " +"condition, but also one of the reasons to use it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"All this means that no in-place updates happens on data, and the database " +"will be much more concerned about how compact and efficiently it stores data" +" than how fast it does writes to disk. Being embedded, the storage " +"limitation is either a) how much storage the device has or b) how much " +"storage was designed for the application to consume. So even though the " +"database could theoretically operate with hundreds of TBs, a browser page or" +" mobile application wouldn't have access to this amount of storage. SQLite " +"even [says](https://sqlite.org/limits.html) that it does support " +"approximately 280 TBs of data, but those limits are untested." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The upside of keeping everything is that you can have historical views of " +"your data, which is very powerful. This also means that applications should " +"turn this off when not relevant[^no-history]." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^no-history]: Similar to [Datomic's " +"`:db/noHistory`](https://docs.datomic.com/cloud/best.html#nohistory-for-" +"high-churn)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Syncable" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a frequent topic when talking about offline-first solutions. When " +"building applications that:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "can fully work offline," +msgstr "" + +msgid "stores data," +msgstr "" + +msgid "propagates that data to other application instances," +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"then you'll need a conflict resolution strategy to handle all the situations" +" where different application instances disagree. Those application instances" +" could be a desktop and a browser version of the same application, or the " +"same mobile app in different devices." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A three-way merge seems to be the best approach, on top of which you could " +"add application specific conflict resolution functions, like:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "pick the change with higher timestamp;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "if one change is a delete, pick it;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "present the diff on the screen and allow the user to merge them." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Some databases try to make this \"easy\", by choosing a strategy for you, " +"but I've found that different applications require different conflict " +"resolution strategies. Instead, the database should leave this up to the " +"user to decide, and provide tools for them to do it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[**Three-way merges in version " +"control**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_(version_control)) are the " +"best example, performing automatic merges when possible and asking the user " +"to resolve conflicts when they appear." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The unit of conflict for a version control system is a line of text. The " +"database equivalent would probably be a single attribute, not a full entity " +"or a full row." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Making all the conflict resolution logic be local should allow the database " +"to have encrypted remotes similar to how [git-remote-" +"gcrypt](https://spwhitton.name/tech/code/git-remote-gcrypt/) adds this " +"functionality to Git. This would enable users to sync the application data " +"across devices using an untrusted intermediary." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Relational" +msgstr "" + +msgid "I want the power of relational queries on the client applications." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Most of the arguments against traditional table-oriented relational " +"databases are related to write performance, but those don't apply here. The " +"bottlenecks for client applications usually aren't write throughput. Nobody " +"is interested in differentiating between 1 MB/s or 10 MB/s when you're " +"limited to 500 MB total." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The relational model of the database could either be based on SQL and tables" +" like in SQLite, or maybe [datalog](https://docs.datomic.com/on-" +"prem/query.html) and [datoms](https://docs.datomic.com/cloud/whatis/data-" +"model.html#datoms) like in Datomic." +msgstr "" + +msgid "From aspects to values" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Now let's try to translate the aspects above into values, as suggested by " +"Bryan Cantrill." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Portability" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Being able to target so many different platforms is a bold goal, and the " +"embedded nature of the database demands portability to be a core value." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Integrity" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When the local database becomes the source of truth of the application, it " +"must provide consistency guarantees that enables applications to rely on it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Expressiveness" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The database should empower applications to slice and dice the data in any " +"way it wants to." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Next steps" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Since I can't find any database that fits these requirements, I've finally " +"come to terms with doing it myself." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It's probably going to take me a few years to do it, and making it portable " +"between POSIX and IndexedDB will probably be the biggest challenge. I got " +"myself a few books on databases to start." +msgstr "" + +msgid "I wonder if I'll ever be able to get this done." +msgstr "" + +msgid "External links" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"See discussions on " +"[Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/ijwz5b/the_database_i_wish_i_had/)," +" [lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/m9vkg4/database_i_wish_i_had), " +"[HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24337244) and [a lengthy email " +"exchange](https://lists.sr.ht/~euandreh/public-" +"inbox/%3C010101744a592b75-1dce9281-f0b8-4226-9d50-fd2c7901fa72-000000%40us-" +"west-2.amazonses.com%3E)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This makes me consider it as a storage backend all by itself. I\n" +"initially considered having an SQLite storage backend as one implementation\n" +"of the POSIX filesystem storage API that I mentioned. My goal was to rely on\n" +"it so I could validate the correctness of the actual implementation, given\n" +"SQLite's robustness.\n" +"\n" +"However it may even better to just use SQLite, and get an ACID backend\n" +"without recreating a big part of SQLite from scratch. In fact, both Datomic\n" +"and PouchDB didn't create an storage backend for themselves, they just\n" +"plugged on what already existed and already worked. I'm beginning to think\n" +"that it would be wiser to just do the same, and drop entirely the from\n" +"scratch implementation that I mentioned.\n" +"\n" +"That's not to say that adding an IndexedDB compatibility layer to SQLite\n" +"would be enough to make it fit the other requirements I mention on this\n" +"page. SQLite still is an implementation of a update-in-place, SQL,\n" +"table-oriented database. It is probably true that cherry-picking the\n" +"relevant parts of SQLite (like storage access, consistency, crash recovery,\n" +"parser generator, *etc.*) and leaving out the unwanted parts (SQL, tables,\n" +"threading, *etc.*) would be better than including the full SQLite stack, but\n" +"that's simply an optimization. Both could even coexist, if desired.\n" +"\n" +"SQLite would have to be treated similarly to how Datomic treats SQL\n" +"databases: instead of having a table for each entities, spread attributes\n" +"over the tables, *etc.*, it treats SQL databases as a key-value storage so it\n" +"doesn't have to re-implement interacting with the disk that other databases\n" +"do well.\n" +"\n" +"The tables would contain blocks of binary data, so there isn't a difference\n" +"on how the SQLite storage backend behaves and how the IndexedDB storage\n" +"backend behaves, much like how Datomic works the same regardless of the\n" +"storage backend, same for PouchDB.\n" +"\n" +"I welcome corrections on what I said above, too.\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: The database I wish I had\n" +"date: 2020-08-31\n" +"updated_at: 2020-09-03\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: the-database-i-wish-i-had\n" +"eu_categories: mediator" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: The database I wish I had\n" +#~ "date: 2020-08-31\n" +#~ "updated_at: 2020-09-03\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: the-database-i-wish-i-had\n" +#~ "category: mediator" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-05-cargo2nix-dramatically-simpler-rust-in-nix.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-05-cargo2nix-dramatically-simpler-rust-in-nix.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7231ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-05-cargo2nix-dramatically-simpler-rust-in-nix.po @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In the same vein of my earlier post on [swift2nix]({% link " +"_articles/2020-10-05-swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds.md %}), I was " +"able to quickly prototype a Rust and Cargo variation of it: " +"[cargo2nix](https://euandreh.xyz/cargo2nix.git/)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The initial prototype is even smaller than swift2nix: it has only [37 lines " +"of " +"code](https://euandreh.xyz/cargo2nix.git/tree/default.nix?id=472dde8898296c8b6cffcbd10b3b2c3ba195846d)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Here's how to use it (snippet taken from the repo's README):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"That `cargo test` part on line 20 is what I have been fighting with every " +"\"\\*2nix\" available for Rust out there. I don't want to bash any of them. " +"All I want is to have full control of what Cargo commands to run, and the " +"\"*2nix\" tool should only setup the environment for me. Let me drive Cargo " +"myself, no need to parameterize how the tool runs it for me, or even " +"replicate its internal behaviour by calling the Rust compiler directly." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Sure it doesn't support private registries or Git dependencies, but how much" +" bigger does it has to be to support them? Also, it doesn't support those " +"**yet**, there's no reason it can't be extended. I just haven't needed it " +"yet, so I haven't added. Patches welcome." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The layout of the `vendor/` directory is more explicit and public then what " +"swift2nix does: it is whatever the command `cargo vendor` returns. However I" +" haven't checked if the shape of the `.cargo-checksum.json` is specified, or" +" internal to Cargo." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Try out the demo (also taken from the repo's README):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Report back if you wish. Again, patches welcome." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"let\n" +" niv-sources = import ./nix/sources.nix;\n" +" mozilla-overlay = import niv-sources.nixpkgs-mozilla;\n" +" pkgs = import niv-sources.nixpkgs { overlays = [ mozilla-overlay ]; };\n" +" src = pkgs.nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource [ ] ./.;\n" +" cargo2nix = pkgs.callPackage niv-sources.cargo2nix {\n" +" lockfile = ./Cargo.lock;\n" +" };\n" +"in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {\n" +" inherit src;\n" +" name = \"cargo-test\";\n" +" buildInputs = [ pkgs.latest.rustChannels.nightly.rust ];\n" +" phases = [ \"unpackPhase\" \"buildPhase\" ];\n" +" buildPhase = ''\n" +" # Setup dependencies path to satisfy Cargo\n" +" mkdir .cargo/\n" +" ln -s ${cargo2nix.env.cargo-config} .cargo/config\n" +" ln -s ${cargo2nix.env.vendor} vendor\n" +"\n" +" # Run the tests\n" +" cargo test\n" +" touch $out\n" +" '';\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"pushd \"$(mktemp -d)\"\n" +"git clone https://euandreh.xyz/cargo2nix-demo.git\n" +"cd cargo2nix-demo/\n" +"nix-build\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "title: \"cargo2nix: Dramatically simpler Rust in Nix\"" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2020-10-05 2" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "ref: cargo2nix-dramatically-simpler-rust-in-nix" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: \"cargo2nix: Dramatically simpler Rust in Nix\"\n" +#~ "date: 2020-10-05 2\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: cargo2nix-dramatically-simpler-rust-in-nix\n" +#~ "eu_categories: mediator" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: \"cargo2nix: Dramatically simpler Rust in Nix\"\n" +#~ "date: 2020-10-05 2\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: cargo2nix-dramatically-simpler-rust-in-nix\n" +#~ "category: mediator" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-05-swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-05-swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1500ff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-05-swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds.po @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"While working on a Swift project, I didn't find any tool that would allow " +"Swift to run inside [Nix](https://nixos.org/) builds. Even thought you *can*" +" run Swift, the real problem arises when using the package manager. It has " +"many of the same problems that other package managers have when trying to " +"integrate with Nix, more on this below." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I wrote a simple little tool called " +"[swift2nix](https://euandreh.xyz/swift2nix.git/) that allows you trick " +"Swift's package manager into assuming everything is set up. Here's the " +"example from swift2nix's README file:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The key parts are lines 15~17: we just fake enough files inside `.build/` " +"that Swift believes it has already downloaded and checked-out all " +"dependencies, and just moves on to building them." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I've worked on it just enough to make it usable for myself, so beware of " +"unimplemented cases. Patches welcome." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Design" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What swift2nix does is just provide you with the bare minimum that Swift " +"requires, and readily get out of the way:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I explicitly did not want to generated a `Package.nix` file, since " +"`Package.resolved` already exists and contains the required information;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I didn't want to have an \"easy\" interface right out of the gate, after " +"fighting with \"*2nix\" tools that focus too much on that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The final [actual " +"code](https://euandreh.xyz/swift2nix.git/tree/default.nix?id=2af83ffe43fac631a8297ffaa8be3ff93b2b9e7c)" +" was so small (46 lines) that it made me think about package managers, " +"\"*2nix\" tools and some problems with many of them." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Problems with package managers" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I'm going to talk about solely language package managers. Think npm and " +"cargo, not apt-get." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Package managers want to do too much, or assume too much, or just want to " +"take control of the entire build of the dependencies." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a recurrent problem in package managers, but I don't see it as an " +"intrinsic one. There's nothing about a \"package manager\" that prevents it " +"from *declaring* what it expects to encounter and in which format. The " +"*declaring* part is important: it should be data, not code, otherwise you're" +" back in the same problem, just like lockfiles are just data. Those work in " +"any language, and tools can cooperate happily." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There's no need for this declarative expectation to be standardized, or be " +"made compatible across languages. That would lead to a poor format that no " +"package manager really likes. Instead, If every package manager could say " +"out loud what it wants to see exactly, than more tools like swift2nix could " +"exist, and they would be more reliable." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This could even work fully offline, and be simply a mapping from the " +"lockfile (the `Package.resolved` in Swift's case) to the filesystem " +"representation. For Swift, the `.build/dependencies-state.json` comes very " +"close, but it is internal to the package manager." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though this pain only exists when trying to use Swift inside Nix, it " +"sheds light into this common implicit coupling that package managers have. " +"They usually have fuzzy boundaries and tight coupling between:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"resolving the dependency tree and using some heuristic to pick a package " +"version;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "generating a lockfile with the exact pinned versions;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"downloading the dependencies present on the lockfile into some local cache;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"arranging the dependencies from the cache in a meaningful way for itself " +"inside the project;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "work using the dependencies while *assuming* that step 4 was done." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When you run `npm install` in a repository with no lockfile, it does 1~~4. " +"If you do the same with `cargo build`, it does 1~~5. That's too much: many " +"of those assumptions are implicit and internal to the package manager, and " +"if you ever need to rearrange them, you're on your own. Even though you can " +"perform some of those steps, you can't compose or rearrange them." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Instead a much saner approach could be:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "this stays the same;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "this also stays the same;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"be able to generate some JSON/TOML/edn which represents the local expected " +"filesystem layout with dependencies (i.e. exposing what the package manager " +"expects to find), let's call it `local-registry.json`;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"if a `local-registry.json` was provided, do a build using that. Otherwise " +"generate its own, by downloading the dependencies, arranging them, *etc.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The point is just making what the package manager requires visible to the " +"outside world via some declarative data. If this data wasn't provided, it " +"can move on to doing its own automatic things." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"By making the expectation explicit and public, one can plug tools *à la " +"carte* if desired, but doesn't prevent the default code path of doing things" +" the exact same way they are now." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Problems with \"*2nix\" tools" +msgstr "" + +msgid "I have to admit: I'm unhappy with most of they." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They conflate \"using Nix\" with \"replicating every command of the package " +"manager inside Nix\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The avoidance of an \"easy\" interface that I mentioned above comes from me " +"fighting with some of the \"\\*2nix\" tools much like I have to fight with " +"package managers: I don't want to offload all build responsibilities to the " +"\"*2nix\" tool, I just want to let it download some of the dependencies and " +"get out of the way. I want to stick with `npm test` or `cargo build`, and " +"Nix should only provide the environment." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is something that [node2nix](https://github.com/svanderburg/node2nix) " +"does right. It allows you to build the Node.js environment to satisfy NPM, " +"and you can keep using NPM for everything else:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Its natural to want to put as much things into Nix as possible to benefit " +"from Nix's advantages. Isn't that how NixOS itself was born?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But a \"*2nix\" tool should leverage Nix, not be coupled with it. The above " +"example lets you run any arbitrary NPM command while profiting from " +"isolation and reproducibility that Nix provides. It is even less brittle: " +"any changes to how NPM runs some things will be future-compatible, since " +"node2nix isn't trying to replicate what NPM does, or fiddling with NPM's " +"internal." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"\\**A \"*2nix\" tool should build the environment, preferably from the " +"lockfile directly and offload everything else to the package manager**. The " +"rest is just nice-to-have." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"swift2nix itself could provide an \"easy\" interface, something that allows " +"you to write:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The implementation of those would be obvious: create a new " +"`pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation` and call `swift build -c release` and `swift " +"test` while using `swift2nix.env` under the hood." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Package managers should provide exact dependencies via a data " +"representation, i.e. lockfiles, and expose via another data representation " +"how they expect those dependencies to appear on the filesystem, i.e. `local-" +"registry.json`. This allows package managers to provide an API so that " +"external tools can create mirrors, offline builds, other registries, " +"isolated builds, *etc.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"\"\\*2nix\" tools should build simple functions that leverage that `local-" +"registry.json`[^local-registry] data and offload all the rest back to the " +"package manager itself. This allows the \"*2nix\" to not keep chasing the " +"package manager evolution, always trying to duplicate its behaviour." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^local-registry]: This `local-registry.json` file doesn't have to be " +"checked-in the repository at all. It could be always generated on the fly, " +"much like how Swift's `dependencies-state.json` is." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"let\n" +" niv-sources = import ./nix/sources.nix;\n" +" pkgs = import niv-sources.nixpkgs { };\n" +" src = pkgs.nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource [ ] ./.;\n" +" swift2nix = pkgs.callPackage niv-sources.swift2nix {\n" +" package-resolved = ./Package.resolved;\n" +" };\n" +"in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {\n" +" inherit src;\n" +" name = \"swift-test\";\n" +" buildInputs = with pkgs; [ swift ];\n" +" phases = [ \"unpackPhase\" \"buildPhase\" ];\n" +" buildPhase = ''\n" +" # Setup dependencies path to satisfy SwiftPM\n" +" mkdir .build\n" +" ln -s ${swift2nix.env.dependencies-state-json} .build/dependencies-state.json\n" +" ln -s ${swift2nix.env.checkouts} .build/checkouts\n" +"\n" +" # Run the tests\n" +" swift test\n" +" touch $out\n" +" '';\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ln -s ${node2nix-package.shell.nodeDependencies}/lib/node_modules ./node_modules\n" +"npm test\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"nix-build -A swift2nix.release\n" +"nix-build -A swift2nix.test\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "title: \"swift2nix: Run Swift inside Nix builds\"" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2020-10-05 1" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "ref: swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: \"swift2nix: Run Swift inside Nix builds\"\n" +#~ "date: 2020-10-05 1\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds\n" +#~ "eu_categories: mediator" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: \"swift2nix: Run Swift inside Nix builds\"\n" +#~ "date: 2020-10-05 1\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: swift2nix-run-swift-inside-nix-builds\n" +#~ "category: mediator" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-19-feature-flags-differences-between-backend-frontend-and-mobile.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-19-feature-flags-differences-between-backend-frontend-and-mobile.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89911ca --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-19-feature-flags-differences-between-backend-frontend-and-mobile.po @@ -0,0 +1,444 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"*This article is derived from a [presentation][presentation] on the same " +"subject.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When discussing about feature flags, I find that their costs and benefits " +"are often well exposed and addressed. Online articles like \"[Feature Toggle" +" (aka Feature Flags)][feature-flags-article]\" do a great job of explaining " +"them in detail, giving great general guidance of how to apply techniques to " +"adopt it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However the weight of those costs and benefits apply differently on backend," +" frontend or mobile, and those differences aren't covered. In fact, many of " +"them stop making sense, or the decision of adopting a feature flag or not " +"may change depending on the environment." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In this article I try to make the distinction between environments and how " +"feature flags apply to them, with some final best practices I've acquired " +"when using them in production." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[presentation]: {% link _slides/2020-10-19-rollout-feature-flag-experiment-" +"operational-toggle.slides %} [feature-flags-article]: " +"https://martinfowler.com/articles/feature-toggles.html" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Why feature flags" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Feature flags in general tend to be cited on the context of [continuous " +"deployment](https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-" +"delivery/principles/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "A: With continuous deployment, you deploy to production automatically" +msgstr "" + +msgid "B: But how do I handle deployment failures, partial features, *etc.*?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A: With techniques like canary, monitoring and alarms, feature flags, *etc.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Though adopting continuous deployment doesn't force you to use feature " +"flags, it creates a demand for it. The inverse is also true: using feature " +"flags on the code points you more obviously to continuous deployment. Take " +"the following code sample for example, that we will reference later on the " +"article:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"While being developed, being tested for suitability or something similar, " +"`notifyListeners()` may not be included in the code at once. So instead of " +"keeping it on a separate, long-lived branch, a feature flag can decide when " +"the new, partially implemented function will be called:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This allows your code to include `notifyListeners()`, and decide when to " +"call it at runtime. For the price of extra things around the code, you get " +"more dynamicity." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So the fundamental question to ask yourself when considering adding a " +"feature flag should be:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Am I willing to pay with code complexity to get dynamicity?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It is true that you can make the management of feature flags as " +"straightforward as possible, but having no feature flags is simpler than " +"having any. What you get in return is the ability to parameterize the " +"behaviour of the application at runtime, without doing any code changes." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Sometimes this added complexity may tilt the balance towards not using a " +"feature flag, and sometimes the flexibility of changing behaviour at runtime" +" is absolutely worth the added complexity. This can vary a lot by code base," +" feature, but fundamentally by environment: its much cheaper to deploy a new" +" version of a service than to release a new version of an app." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So the question of which environment is being targeted is key when reasoning" +" about costs and benefits of feature flags." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Control over the environment" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The key differentiator that makes the trade-offs apply differently is how " +"much control you have over the environment." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When running a **backend** service, you usually are paying for the servers " +"themselves, and can tweak them as you wish. This means you have full control" +" do to code changes as you wish. Not only that, you decide when to do it, " +"and for how long the transition will last." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **frontend** you have less control: even though you can choose to " +"make a new version available any time you wish, you can't force[^force] " +"clients to immediately switch to the new version. That means that a) clients" +" could skip upgrades at any time and b) you always have to keep backward and" +" forward compatibility in mind." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though I'm mentioning frontend directly, it applies to other " +"environment with similar characteristics: desktop applications, command-line" +" programs, *etc*." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On **mobile** you have even less control: app stores need to allow your app " +"to be updated, which could bite you when least desired. Theoretically you " +"could make you APK available on third party stores like " +"[F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/), or even make the APK itself available for " +"direct download, which would give you the same characteristics of a frontend" +" application, but that happens less often." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On iOS you can't even do that. You have to get Apple's blessing on every " +"single update. Even though we already know that is a [bad " +"idea](http://www.paulgraham.com/apple.html) for over a decade now, there " +"isn't a way around it. This is where you have the least control." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In practice, the amount of control you have will change how much you value " +"dynamicity: the less control you have, the more valuable it is. In other " +"words, having a dynamic flag on the backend may or may not be worth it since" +" you could always update the code immediately after, but on iOS it is " +"basically always worth it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^force]: Technically you could force a reload with JavaScript using " +"`window.location.reload()`, but that not only is invasive and impolite, but " +"also gives you the illusion that you have control over the client when you " +"actually don't: clients with disabled JavaScript would be immune to such " +"tactics." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Rollout" +msgstr "" + +msgid "A rollout is used to *roll out* a new version of software." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They are usually short-lived, being relevant as long as the new code is " +"being deployed. The most common rule is percentages." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **backend**, it is common to find it on the deployment infrastructure" +" itself, like canary servers, blue/green deployments, [a kubernetes " +"deployment " +"rollout](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#creating-" +"a-deployment), *etc*. You could do those manually, by having a dynamic " +"control on the code itself, but rollbacks are cheap enough that people " +"usually do a normal deployment and just give some extra attention to the " +"metrics dashboard." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Any time you see a blue/green deployment, there is a rollout happening: most" +" likely a load balancer is starting to direct traffic to the new server, " +"until reaching 100% of the traffic. Effectively, that is a rollout." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **frontend**, you can selectively pick which user's will be able to " +"download the new version of a page. You could use geographical region, IP, " +"cookie or something similar to make this decision." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"CDN propagation delays and people not refreshing their web pages are also " +"rollouts by themselves, since old and new versions of the software will " +"coexist." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On **mobile**, the Play Store allows you to perform fine-grained [staged " +"rollouts](https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-" +"developer/answer/6346149?hl=en), and the App Store allows you to perform " +"limited [phased releases](https://help.apple.com/app-store-" +"connect/#/dev3d65fcee1)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Both for Android and iOS, the user plays the role of making the download." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In summary: since you control the servers on the backend, you can do " +"rollouts at will, and those are often found automated away in base " +"infrastructure. On the frontend and on mobile, there are ways to make new " +"versions available, but users may not download them immediately, and many " +"different versions of the software end up coexisting." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Feature flag" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A feature flag is a *flag* that tells the application on runtime to turn on " +"or off a given *feature*. That means that the actual production code will " +"have more than one possible code paths to go through, and that a new version" +" of a feature coexists with the old version. The feature flag tells which " +"part of the code to go through." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They are usually medium-lived, being relevant as long as the new code is " +"being developed. The most common rules are percentages, allow/deny lists, " +"A/B groups and client version." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **backend**, those are useful for things that have a long development" +" cycle, or that needs to done by steps. Consider loading the feature flag " +"rules in memory when the application starts, so that you avoid querying a " +"database or an external service for applying a feature flag rule and avoid " +"flakiness on the result due to intermittent network failures." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Since on the **frontend** you don't control when to update the client " +"software, you're left with applying the feature flag rule on the server, and" +" exposing the value through an API for maximum dynamicity. This could be in " +"the frontend code itself, and fallback to a \"just refresh the page\"/\"just" +" update to the latest version\" strategy for less dynamic scenarios." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On **mobile** you can't even rely on a \"just update to the latest version\"" +" strategy, since the code for the app could be updated to a new feature and " +"be blocked on the store. Those cases aren't recurrent, but you should always" +" assume the store will deny updates on critical moments so you don't find " +"yourself with no cards to play. That means the only control you actually " +"have is via the backend, by parameterizing the runtime of the application " +"using the API. In practice, you should always have a feature flag to control" +" any relevant piece of code. There is no such thing as \"too small code " +"change for a feature flag\". What you should ask yourself is:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If the code I'm writing breaks and stays broken for around a month, do I " +"care?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you're doing an experimental screen, or something that will have a very " +"small impact you might answer \"no\" to the above question. For everything " +"else, the answer will be \"yes\": bug fixes, layout changes, refactoring, " +"new screen, filesystem/database changes, *etc*." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Experiment" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"An experiment is a feature flag where you care about analytical value of the" +" flag, and how it might impact user's behaviour. A feature flag with " +"analytics." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They are also usually medium-lived, being relevant as long as the new code " +"is being developed. The most common rule is A/B test." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **backend**, an experiment rely on an analytical environment that " +"will pick the A/B test groups and distributions, which means those can't be " +"held in memory easily. That also means that you'll need a fallback value in " +"case fetching the group for a given customer fails." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **frontend** and on **mobile** they are no different from feature " +"flags." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Operational toggle" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"An operational toggle is like a system-level manual circuit breaker, where " +"you turn on/off a feature, fail over the load to a different server, *etc*. " +"They are useful switches to have during an incident." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They are usually long-lived, being relevant as long as the code is in " +"production. The most common rule is percentages." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They can be feature flags that are promoted to operational toggles on the " +"**backend**, or may be purposefully put in place preventively or after a " +"postmortem analysis." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the **frontend** and on **mobile** they are similar to feature flags, " +"where the \"feature\" is being turned on and off, and the client interprets " +"this value to show if the \"feature\" is available or unavailable." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Best practices" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Prefer dynamic content" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though feature flags give you more dynamicity, they're still somewhat " +"manual: you have to create one for a specific feature and change it by hand." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you find yourself manually updating a feature flags every other day, or " +"tweaking the percentages frequently, consider making it fully dynamic. Try " +"using a dataset that is generated automatically, or computing the content on" +" the fly." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Say you have a configuration screen with a list of options and sub-options, " +"and you're trying to find how to better structure this list. Instead of " +"using a feature flag for switching between 3 and 5 options, make it fully " +"dynamic. This way you'll be able to perform other tests that you didn't " +"plan, and get more flexibility out of it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Use the client version to negotiate feature flags" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After effectively finishing a feature, the old code that coexisted with the " +"new one will be deleted, and all traces of the transition will vanish from " +"the code base. However if you just remove the feature flags from the API, " +"all of the old versions of clients that relied on that value to show the new" +" feature will go downgrade to the old feature." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This means that you should avoid deleting client-facing feature flags, and " +"retire them instead: use the client version to decide when the feature is " +"stable, and return `true` for every client with a version greater or equal " +"to that. This way you can stop thinking about the feature flag, and you " +"don't break or downgrade clients that didn't upgrade past the transition." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Beware of many nested feature flags" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Nested flags combine exponentially." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Pick strategic entry points or transitions eligible for feature flags, and " +"beware of their nesting." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Include feature flags in the development workflow" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Add feature flags to the list of things to think about during whiteboarding," +" and deleting/retiring a feature flags at the end of the development." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Always rely on a feature flag on the app" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Again, there is no such thing \"too small for a feature flag\". Too many " +"feature flags is a good problem to have, not the opposite. Automate the " +"process of creating a feature flag to lower its cost." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"function processTransaction() {\n" +" validate();\n" +" persist();\n" +" // TODO: add call to notifyListeners()\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"function processTransaction() {\n" +" validate();\n" +" persist();\n" +" if (featureIsEnabled(\"activate-notify-listeners\")) {\n" +" notifyListeners();\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: \"Feature flags: differences between backend, frontend and mobile\"\n" +"date: 2020-10-19\n" +"updated_at: 2020-11-03\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: feature-flags-differences-between-backend-frontend-and-mobile\n" +"eu_categories: presentation" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "title: \"Feature flags: differences between backend, frontend and mobile\"\n" +#~ "date: 2020-10-19\n" +#~ "updated_at: 2020-11-03\n" +#~ "layout: post\n" +#~ "lang: en\n" +#~ "ref: feature-flags-differences-between-backend-frontend-and-mobile\n" +#~ "category: presentation" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-20-how-not-to-interview-engineers.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-20-how-not-to-interview-engineers.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dd6645 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-10-20-how-not-to-interview-engineers.po @@ -0,0 +1,476 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: How not to interview engineers\n" +"date: 2020-10-20\n" +"updated_at: 2020-10-24\n" +"layout: post\n" +"lang: en\n" +"ref: how-not-to-interview-engineers" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a response to Slava's \"[How to interview " +"engineers](https://defmacro.substack.com/p/how-to-interview-engineers)\" " +"article. I initially thought it was a satire, [as have " +"others](https://defmacro.substack.com/p/how-to-interview-" +"engineers/comments#comment-599996), but he has [doubled down on " +"it](https://twitter.com/spakhm/status/1315754730740617216):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"(...) Some parts are slightly exaggerated for sure, but the essay isn't " +"meant as a joke." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"That being true, he completely misses the point on how to improve hiring, " +"and proposes a worse alternative on many aspects. It doesn't qualify as " +"provocative, it is just wrong." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I was comfortable taking it as a satire, and I would just ignore the whole " +"thing if it wasn't (except for the technical memo part), but friends of mine" +" considered it to be somewhat reasonable. This is a adapted version of parts" +" of the discussions we had, risking becoming a gigantic showcase of [Poe's " +"law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe%27s_law)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In this piece, I will argument against his view, and propose an alternative " +"approach to improve hiring." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It is common to find people saying how broken technical hiring is, as well " +"put in words by a phrase on [this " +"comment](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24757511):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Everyone loves to read and write about how developer interviewing is flawed," +" but no one wants to go out on a limb and make suggestions about how to " +"improve it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I guess Slava was trying to not fall on this trap, and make a suggestion on " +"how to improve instead, which all went terribly wrong." +msgstr "" + +msgid "What not to do" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Time candidates" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Timing the candidate shows up on the \"talent\" and \"judgment\" sections, " +"and they are both bad ideas for the same reason: programming is not a " +"performance." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What do e-sports, musicians, actors and athletes have in common: performance" +" psychologists." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For a pianist, their state of mind during concerts is crucial: they not only" +" must be able to deal with stage anxiety, but to become really successful " +"they will have to learn how to exploit it. The time window of the concert is" +" what people practice thousands of hours for, and it is what defines one's " +"career, since how well all the practice went is irrelevant to the nature of " +"the profession. Being able to leverage stage anxiety is an actual goal of " +"them." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"That is also applicable to athletes, where the execution during a " +"competition makes them sink or swim, regardless of how all the training was." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The same cannot be said about composers, though. They are more like book " +"writers, where the value is not on very few moments with high adrenaline, " +"but on the aggregate over hours, days, weeks, months and years. A composer " +"may have a deadline to finish a song in five weeks, but it doesn't really " +"matter if it is done on a single night, every morning between 6 and 9, at " +"the very last week, or any other way. No rigid time structure applies, only " +"whatever fits best to the composer." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Programming is more like composing than doing a concert, which is another " +"way of saying that programming is not a performance. People don't practice " +"algorithms for months to keep them at their fingertips, so that finally in a" +" single afternoon they can sit down and write everything at once in a rigid " +"4 hours window, and launch it immediately after." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Instead software is built iteratively, by making small additions, than " +"refactoring the implementation, fixing bugs, writing a lot at once, *etc*. " +"all while they get a firmer grasp of the problem, stop to think about it, " +"come up with new ideas, *etc*." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Some specifically plan for including spaced pauses, and call it \"[Hammock " +"Driven Development](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f84n5oFoZBc)\", which is" +" just artist's \"creative idleness\" for hackers." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Unless you're hiring for a live coding group, a competitive programming " +"team, or a professional live demoer, timing the candidate that way is more " +"harmful than useful. This type of timing doesn't find good programmers, it " +"finds performant programmers, which isn't the same thing, and you'll end up " +"with people who can do great work on small problems but who might be unable " +"to deal with big problems, and loose those who can very well handle huge " +"problems, slowly. If you are lucky you'll get performant people who can also" +" handle big problems on the long term, but maybe not." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"An incident is the closest to a \"performance\" that it gets, and yet it is " +"still dramatically different. Surely it is a high stress scenario, but while" +" people are trying to find a root cause and solve the problem, only the " +"downtime itself is visible to the exterior. It is like being part of the " +"support staff backstage during a play: even though execution matters, you're" +" still not on the spot. During an incident you're doing debugging in anger " +"rather than live coding." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Although giving a candidate the task to write a \"technical memo\" has " +"potential to get a measure of the written communication skills of someone, " +"doing so in a hard time window also misses the point for the same reasons." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Pay attention to typing speed" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Typing is speed in never the bottleneck of a programmer, no matter how great" +" they are." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As [Dijkstra " +"said](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/transcriptions/EWD05xx/EWD512.html):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But programming, when stripped of all its circumstantial irrelevancies, " +"boils down to no more and no less than very effective thinking so as to " +"avoid unmastered complexity, to very vigorous separation of your many " +"different concerns." +msgstr "" + +msgid "In other words, programming is not about typing, it is about thinking." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Otherwise, the way to get those star programmers that can't type fast enough" +" a huge productivity boost is to give them a touch typing course. If they " +"are so productive with typing speed being a limitation, imagine what they " +"could accomplish if they had razor sharp touch typing skills?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Also, why stop there? A good touch typist can do 90 WPM (words per minute), " +"and a great one can do 120 WPM, but with a stenography keyboard they get to " +"200 WPM+. That is double the productivity! Why not try [speech-to-" +"text](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mz3JeYfBTcY)? Make them all use " +"[J](https://www.jsoftware.com/#/) so they all need to type less! How come " +"nobody thought of that?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"And if someone couldn't solve the programming puzzle in the given time " +"window, but could come back in the following day with an implementation that" +" is not only faster, but uses less memory, was simpler to understand and " +"easier to read than anybody else? You'd be losing that person too." +msgstr "" + +msgid "IQ" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For \"building an extraordinary team at a hard technology startup\", " +"intelligence is not the most important, [determination " +"is](http://www.paulgraham.com/determination.html)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"And talent isn't \"IQ specialized for engineers\". IQ itself isn't a measure" +" of how intelligent someone is. Ever since Alfred Binet with Théodore Simon " +"started to formalize what would become IQ tests years later, they already " +"acknowledged limitations of the technique for measuring intelligence, which " +"is [still true today](https://sci-" +"hub.do/https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F1076-8971.6.1.33)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So having a high IQ tells only how smart people are for a particular aspect " +"of intelligence, which is not representative of programming. There are " +"numerous aspects of programming that are covered by IQ measurement: how to " +"name variables and functions, how to create models which are compatible with" +" schema evolution, how to make the system dynamic for runtime " +"parameterization without making it fragile, how to measure and observe " +"performance and availability, how to pick between acquiring and paying " +"technical debt, *etc*." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Not to say about everything else that a programmer does that is not purely " +"programming. Saying high IQ correlates with great programming is a stretch, " +"at best." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Ditch HR" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Slava tangentially picks on HR, and I will digress on that a bit:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A good rule of thumb is that if a question could be asked by an intern in " +"HR, it's a non-differential signaling question." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Stretching it, this is a rather snobbish view of HR. Why is it that an " +"intern in HR can't make signaling questions? Could the same be said of an " +"intern in engineering?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In other words: is the question not signaling because the one asking is from" +" HR, or because the one asking is an intern? If the latter, than he's just " +"arguing that interns have no place in interviewing, but if the former than " +"he was picking on HR." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Extrapolating that, it is common to find people who don't value HR's work, " +"and only see them as inferiors doing unpleasant work, and who aren't capable" +" enough (or *smart* enough) to learn programming." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to people who work primarily on backend, and see others " +"working on frontend struggling and say: \"isn't it just building views and " +"showing them on the browser? How could it possibly be that hard? I bet I " +"could do it better, with 20% of code\". As you already know, the answer to " +"it is \"well, why don't you go do it, then?\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This sense of superiority ignores the fact that HR have actual professionals" +" doing actual hard work, not unlike programmers. If HR is inferior and so " +"easy, why not automate everything away and get rid of a whole department?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I don't attribute this world view to Slava, this is only an extrapolation of" +" a snippet of the article." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Draconian mistreating of candidates" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If I found out that people employed theatrics in my interview so that I " +"could feel I've \"earned the privilege to work at your company\", I would " +"quit." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If your moral compass is so broken that you are comfortable mistreating me " +"while I'm a candidate, I immediately assume you will also mistreat me as an " +"employee, and that the company is not a good place to work, as [evil begets " +"stupidity](http://www.paulgraham.com/apple.html):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But the other reason programmers are fussy, I think, is that evil begets " +"stupidity. An organization that wins by exercising power starts to lose the " +"ability to win by doing better work. And it's not fun for a smart person to " +"work in a place where the best ideas aren't the ones that win. I think the " +"reason Google embraced \"Don't be evil\" so eagerly was not so much to " +"impress the outside world as to inoculate themselves against arrogance." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Paul Graham goes beyond \"don't be evil\" with a better motto: \"[be " +"good](http://www.paulgraham.com/good.html)\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Abusing the asymmetric nature of an interview to increase the chance that " +"the candidate will accept the offer is, well, abusive. I doubt a solid team " +"can actually be built on such poor foundations, surrounded by such evil " +"measures." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"And if you really want to give engineers \"the measure of whoever they're " +"going to be working with\", there are plenty of reasonable ways of doing it " +"that don't include performing fake interviews." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Personality tests" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Personality tests around the world need to be a) translated, b) adapted and " +"c) validated. Even though a given test may be applicable and useful in a " +"country, this doesn't imply it will work for other countries." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Not only tests usually come with translation guidelines, but also its " +"applicability needs to be validated again after the translation and " +"adaptation is done to see if the test still measures what it is supposed to." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"That is also true within the same language. If a test is shown to work in " +"England, it may not work in New Zealand, in spite of both speaking english. " +"The cultural context difference is influent to the point of invalidating a " +"test and making it be no longer valid." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Irregardless of the validity of the proposed \"big five\" personality test, " +"saying \"just use attributes x, y and z this test and you'll be fine\" is a " +"rough simplification, much like saying \"just use Raft for distributed " +"systems, after all it has been proven to work\" shows he throws all of that " +"background away." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So much as applying personality tests themselves is not a trivial task, and " +"psychologists do need special training to become able to effectively apply " +"one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "More cargo culting" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"He calls the ill-defined \"industry standard\" to be cargo-culting, but his " +"proposal isn't sound enough to not become one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even if the ideas were good, they aren't solid enough, or based on solid " +"enough things to make them stand out by themselves. Why is it that talent, " +"judgment and personality are required to determine the fitness of a good " +"candidate? Why not 2, 5, or 20 things? Why those specific 3? Why is talent " +"defined like that? Is it just because he found talent to be like that?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Isn't that definitionally also [cargo-" +"culting](http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/2/CargoCult.htm)[^cargo-" +"culting-archive]? Isn't he just repeating whatever he found to work form " +"him, without understanding why?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "What Feynman proposes is actually the opposite:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In summary, the idea is to try to give **all** of the information to help " +"others to judge the value of your contribution; not just the information " +"that leads to judgment in one particular direction or another." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What Slava did was just another form of cargo culting, but this was one that" +" he believed to work." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^cargo-culting-archive]: [Archived " +"version](https://web.archive.org/web/20201003090303/http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/2/CargoCult.htm)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "What to do" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I will not give you a list of things that \"worked for me, thus they are " +"correct\". I won't either critique the current \"industry standard\", nor " +"what I've learned from interviewing engineers." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Instead, I'd like to invite you to learn from history, and from what other " +"professionals have to teach us." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Programming isn't an odd profession, where everything about it is different " +"from anything else. It is just another episode in the \"technology\" series," +" which has seasons since before recorded history. It may be an episode where" +" things move a bit faster, but it is fundamentally the same." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So here is the key idea: what people did *before* software engineering?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What hiring is like for engineers in other areas? Don't civil, electrical " +"and other types of engineering exist for much, much longer than software " +"engineering does? What have those centuries of accumulated experience " +"thought the world about technical hiring?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What studies were performed on the different success rate of interviewing " +"strategies? What have they done right and what have they done wrong?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What is the purpose of HR? Why do they even exist? Do we need them, and if " +"so, what for? What is the value they bring, since everybody insist on " +"building an HR department in their companies? Is the existence of HR another" +" form of cargo culting?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What is industrial and organizational psychology? What is that field of " +"study? What do they specialize in? What have they learned since the " +"discipline appeared? What have they done right and wrong over history? Is is" +" the current academic consensus on that area? What is a hot debate topic in " +"academia on that area? What is the current bleeding edge of research? What " +"can they teach us about hiring? What can they teach us about technical " +"hiring?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If all I've said makes me a \"no hire\" in the proposed framework, I'm " +"really glad." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This says less about my programming skills, and more about the employer's " +"world view, and I hope not to be fooled into applying for a company that " +"adopts this one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Claiming to be selecting \"extraordinary engineers\" isn't an excuse to " +"reinvent the wheel, poorly." +msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-07-diy-an-offline-bug-tracker-with-text-files-git-and-email.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-07-diy-an-offline-bug-tracker-with-text-files-git-and-email.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..272aba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-07-diy-an-offline-bug-tracker-with-text-files-git-and-email.po @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "title: DIY an offline bug tracker with text files, Git and email" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2020-11-07" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "ref: diy-an-offline-bug-tracker-with-text-files-git-and-email" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When [push comes to " +"shove](https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/10/2020-10-23-RIAA.md)," +" the operational aspects of governance of a software project matter a lot. " +"And everybody likes to chime in with their alternative of how to avoid " +"single points of failure in project governance, just like I'm doing right " +"now." +msgstr "" + +msgid "The most valuable assets of a project are:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "source code" +msgstr "" + +msgid "discussions" +msgstr "" + +msgid "documentation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "builds" +msgstr "" + +msgid "tasks and bugs" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For **source code**, Git and other DVCS solve that already: everybody gets a" +" full copy of the entire source code." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If your code forge is compromised, moving it to a new one takes a couple of " +"minutes, if there isn't a secondary remote serving as mirror already. In " +"this case, no action is required." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you're having your **discussions** by email, \"[taking this archive " +"somewhere else and carrying on is " +"effortless](https://sourcehut.org/blog/2020-10-29-how-mailing-lists-prevent-" +"censorship/)\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Besides, make sure to backup archives of past discussions so that the " +"history is also preserved when this migration happens." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The **documentation** should [live inside the repository " +"itself](https://podcast.writethedocs.org/2017/01/25/episode-3-trends/)[^writethedocs-" +"in-repo], so that not only it gets first class treatment, but also gets " +"distributed to everybody too. Migrating the code to a new forge already " +"migrates the documentation with it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^writethedocs-in-repo]: Described as \"the ultimate marriage of the two\". " +"Starts at time 31:50." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As long as you keep the **builds** vendor neutral, the migration should only" +" involve adapting how you call your `tests.sh` from the format of " +"`provider-1.yml` uses to the format that `provider-2.yml` accepts. It isn't " +"valuable to carry the build history with the project, as this data quickly " +"decays in value as weeks and months go by." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But for **tasks and bugs** many rely on a vendor-specific service, where you" +" register and manage those issues via a web browser. Some provide an " +"[interface for interacting via email](https://man.sr.ht/todo.sr.ht/#email-" +"access) or an API for [bridging local bugs with vendor-specific " +"services](https://github.com/MichaelMure/git-bug#bridges). But they're all " +"layers around the service, that disguises it as being a central point of " +"failure, which when compromised would lead to data loss. When push comes to " +"shove, you'd loose data." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Alternative: text files, Git and email" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Why not do the same as documentation, and move tasks and bugs into the " +"repository itself?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It requires no extra tool to be installed, and fits right in the already " +"existing workflow for source code and documentation." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Any issues discussions are done in the mailing list, and a reference to a " +"discussion could be added to the ticket itself later on. External " +"contributors can file tickets by sending a patch." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The good thing about this solution is that it works for 99% of projects out " +"there." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For the other 1%, having Fossil's \"[tickets](https://fossil-" +"scm.org/home/doc/trunk/www/bugtheory.wiki)\" could be an alternative, but " +"you may not want to migrate your project to Fossil to get those niceties." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though I keep a `TODOs.org` file on the main branch, you can have a " +"`tasks` branch with a `task-n.md` file for each task, or any other way you " +"like." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"These tools are familiar enough that you can adjust it to fit your workflow." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I like to keep a " +"[`TODOs.org`](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/TODOs.org) file at the " +"repository top-level, with two relevant sections: \"tasks\" and \"bugs\". " +"Then when building the documentation I'll just [generate an HTML file from " +"it](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/scripts/build-" +"site.sh?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n14), and " +"[publish](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator/TODOs.html) it alongside the static " +"website. All that is done on the main branch." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "I like to keep a " +#~ "[`TODOs.org`](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/TODOs.org) file at the " +#~ "repository top-level, with two relevant sections: \"tasks\" and \"bugs\". " +#~ "Then when building the documentation I'll just [generate an HTML file from " +#~ "it](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/scripts/build-" +#~ "site.sh?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n14), and " +#~ "[publish](https://mediator.euandreh.xyz/tasks-and-bugs.html) it alongside " +#~ "the static website. All that is done on the main branch." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "I like to keep a " +#~ "[`TODOs.org`](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/TODOs.org?id=110c0af4ef53faf6e1ebe87905ce16766548607e)" +#~ " file at the repository top-level, with two relevant sections: \"tasks\" and" +#~ " \"bugs\". Then when building the documentation I'll just [generate an HTML " +#~ "file from it](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/scripts/build-" +#~ "site.sh?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n14), and " +#~ "[publish](https://mediator.euandreh.xyz/tasks-and-bugs.html) it alongside " +#~ "the static website. All that is done on the main branch." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-08-the-next-paradigm-shift-in-programming-video-review.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-08-the-next-paradigm-shift-in-programming-video-review.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..953f769 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-08-the-next-paradigm-shift-in-programming-video-review.po @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "title: The Next Paradigm Shift in Programming - video review" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2020-11-08" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "ref: the-next-paradigm-shift-in-programming-video-review" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a review with comments of \"[The Next Paradigm Shift in " +"Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YbK8o9rZfI)\", by Richard " +"Feldman." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This video was *strongly* suggested to me by a colleague. I wanted to " +"discuss it with her, and when drafting my response I figured I could publish" +" it publicly instead." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Before anything else, let me just be clear: I really like the talk, and I " +"think Richard is a great public speaker. I've watched several of his talks " +"over the years, and I feel I've followed his career at a distance, with much" +" respect. This isn't a piece criticizing him personally, and I agree with " +"almost everything he said. These are just some comments but also nitpicks on" +" a few topics I think he missed, or that I view differently." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Structured programming" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The historical overview at the beginning is very good. In fact, the very " +"video I watched previously was about structured programming!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Kevlin Henney on \"[The Forgotten Art of Structured " +"Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFv8Wm2HdNM)\" does a deep-dive" +" on the topic of structured programming, and how on his view it is still " +"hidden in our code, when we do a `continue` or a `break` in some ways. Even " +"though it is less common to see an explicit `goto` in code these days, many " +"of the original arguments of Dijkstra against explicit `goto`s is applicable" +" to other constructs, too." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a very mature view, and I like how he goes beyond the \"don't use " +"`goto`s\" heuristic and proposes and a much more nuanced understanding of " +"what \"structured programming\" means." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In a few minutes, Richard is able to condense most of the significant bits " +"of Kevlin's talk in a didactical way. Good job." +msgstr "" + +msgid "OOP like a distributed system" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Richard extrapolates Alan Kay's original vision of OOP, and he concludes " +"that it is more like a distributed system that how people think about OOP " +"these days. But he then states that this is a rather bad idea, and we " +"shouldn't pursue it, given that distributed systems are known to be hard." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However, his extrapolation isn't really impossible, bad or an absurd. In " +"fact, it has been followed through by Erlang. Joe Armstrong used to say that" +" \"[Erlang might the only OOP " +"language](https://www.infoq.com/interviews/johnson-armstrong-oop/)\", since " +"it actually adopted this paradigm." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But Erlang is a functional language. So this \"OOP as a distributed system\"" +" view is more about designing systems in the large than programs in the " +"small." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There is a switch of levels in this comparison I'm making, as can be done " +"with any language or paradigm: you can have a functional-like system that is" +" built with an OOP language (like a compiler, that given the same input will" +" produce the same output), or an OOP-like system that is built with a " +"functional language (Rich Hickey calls it \"[OOP in the " +"large](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROor6_NGIWU)\"[^the-language-of-the-" +"system])." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So this jump from in-process paradigm to distributed paradigm is rather a " +"big one, and I don't think you he can argue that OOP has anything to say " +"about software distribution across nodes. You can still have Erlang actors " +"that run independently and send messages to each other without a network " +"between them. Any OTP application deployed on a single node effectively " +"works like that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I think he went a bit too far with this extrapolation. Even though I agree " +"it is a logical a fair one, it isn't evidently bad as he painted. I would be" +" fine working with a single-node OTP application and seeing someone call it " +"\"a *real* OOP program\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "[^the-language-of-the-system]: From 24:05 to 27:45." +msgstr "" + +msgid "First class immutability" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I agree with his view of languages moving towards the functional paradigm. " +"But I think you can narrow down the \"first-class immutability\" feature he " +"points out as present on modern functional programming languages to \"first-" +"class immutable data structures\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I wouldn't categorize a language as \"supporting functional programming " +"style\" without a library for functional data structures it. By discipline " +"you can avoid side-effects, write pure functions as much as possible, and " +"pass functions as arguments around is almost every language these days, but " +"if when changing an element of a vector mutates things in-place, that is " +"still not functional programming." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"To avoid that, you end-up needing to make clones of objects to pass to a " +"function, using freezes or other workarounds. All those cases are when the " +"underlying mix of OOP and functional programming fail." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There are some languages with third-party libraries that provide functional " +"data structures, like [immer](https://sinusoid.es/immer/) for C++, or " +"[ImmutableJS](https://immutable-js.github.io/immutable-js/) for JavaScript." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But functional programming is more easily achievable in languages that have " +"them built-in, like Erlang, Elm and Clojure." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Managed side-effects" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"His proposal of adopting managed side-effects as a first-class language " +"concept is really intriguing." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I haven't worked with a language with managed side-effects at scale, and I " +"don't feel this is a problem with Clojure or Erlang. But is this me finding " +"a flaw in his argument or not acknowledging a benefit unknown to me? This is" +" a provocative question I ask myself." +msgstr "" + +msgid "What about declarative programming?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Beyond all Richard said, I also hear often bring up functional programming " +"when talking about utilizing all cores of a computer, and how FP can help " +"with that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Rich Hickey makes a great case for single-process FP on his famous talk " +"\"[Simple Made Easy](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Simple-Made-" +"Easy/)\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is something you can achieve with a library, like " +"[Redux](https://redux.js.org/) for JavaScript or [re-" +"frame](https://github.com/Day8/re-frame) for Clojure." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Also all FP languages with managed side-effects I know are statically-typed," +" and all dynamically-typed FP languages I know don't have managed side-" +"effects baked in." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In \"[Out of the Tar " +"Pit](http://curtclifton.net/papers/MoseleyMarks06a.pdf)\", B. Moseley and P." +" Marks go beyond his view of functional programming as the basis, and name a" +" possible \"functional relational programming\" as an even better solution. " +"They explicitly call out some flaws in most of the modern functional " +"programming languages, and instead pick declarative programming as an even " +"better starting paradigm." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If the next paradigm shift is towards functional programming, will the " +"following shift be towards declarative programming?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "eu_categories: video review" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "category: video review" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This is something you can achieve with a library, like " +#~ "[Redux](https://redux.js.org/) for JavaScript or re-frame for Clojure." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Also all languages with managed side-effects I know are statically-typed, " +#~ "and all dynamically-typed languages I know don't have managed side-effects " +#~ "baked in." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "\"[Out of the Tar Pit](http://curtclifton.net/papers/MoseleyMarks06a.pdf)\" " +#~ "by B. Moseley and P. Marks goes beyond his view of functional programming, " +#~ "and name a possible \"functional relational programming\" as an even better " +#~ "solution. They explicitly call out some flaws in most of the modern " +#~ "functional programming languages, and instead pick declarative programming " +#~ "as an even better starting paradigm." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If functional programming is the next paradigm shift, is declarative " +#~ "programming the next next paradigm shift?" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-12-durable-persistent-trees-and-parser-combinators-building-a-database.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-12-durable-persistent-trees-and-parser-combinators-building-a-database.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15005ad --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-12-durable-persistent-trees-and-parser-combinators-building-a-database.po @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: Durable persistent trees and parser combinators - building a database" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2020-11-12" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ref: durable-persistent-trees-and-parser-combinators-building-a-database" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I've received with certain frequency messages from people wanting to know if" +" I've made any progress on the database project [I've written about]({% link" +" _articles/2020-08-31-the-database-i-wish-i-had.md %})." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There are a few areas where I've made progress, and here's a public post on " +"it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Proof-of-concept: DAG log" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The main thing I wanted to validate with a concrete implementation was the " +"concept of modeling a DAG on a sequence of datoms." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The notion of a *datom* is a rip-off from Datomic, which models data with " +"time aware *facts*, which come from RDF. RDF's fact is a triple of subject-" +"predicate-object, and Datomic's datoms add a time component to it: subject-" +"predicate-object-time, A.K.A. entity-attribute-value-transaction:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[[person :likes \"pizza\" 0 true]\n" +" [person :likes \"bread\" 1 true]\n" +" [person :likes \"pizza\" 1 false]]\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "The above datoms say:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "at time 0, `person` like pizza;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "at time 1, `person` stopped liking pizza, and started to like bread." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Datomic ensures total consistency of this ever growing log by having a " +"single writer, the transactor, that will enforce it when writing." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In order to support disconnected clients, I needed a way to allow multiple " +"writers, and I chose to do it by making the log not a list, but a directed " +"acyclic graph (DAG):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The extra datoms above add more information to build the directionality to " +"the log, and instead of a single consistent log, the DAG could have multiple" +" leaves that coexist, much like how different Git branches can have " +"different \"latest\" commits." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In order to validate this idea, I started with a Clojure implementation. The" +" goal was not to write the actual final code, but to make a proof-of-concept" +" that would allow me to test and stretch the idea itself." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This code [already " +"exists](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/src/core/clojure/src/mediator.clj?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n1)," +" but is yet fairly incomplete:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"the building of the index isn't done yet (with some [commented " +"code](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/src/core/clojure/src/mediator.clj?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n295)" +" on the next step to be implemented)" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"the indexing is extremely inefficient, with " +"[more](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/src/core/clojure/src/mediator.clj?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n130)" +" " +"[than](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/src/core/clojure/src/mediator.clj?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n146)" +" " +"[one](https://euandreh.xyz/mediator.git/tree/src/core/clojure/src/mediator.clj?id=db4a727bc24b54b50158827b34502de21dbf8948#n253)" +" occurrence of `O²` functions;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "no query support yet." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Top-down *and* bottom-up" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However, as time passed and I started looking at what the final " +"implementation would look like, I started to consider keeping the PoC " +"around." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The top-down approach (Clojure PoC) was in fact helping guide me with the " +"bottom-up, and I now have \"promoted\" the Clojure PoC into a \"reference " +"implementation\". It should now be a finished implementation that says what " +"the expected behaviour is, and the actual code should match the behaviour." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The good thing about a reference implementation is that it has no " +"performance of resources boundary, so if it ends up being 1000x slower and " +"using 500× more memory, it should be find. The code can be also 10x or 100x " +"simpler, too." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Top-down: durable persistent trees" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In promoting the PoC into a reference implementation, this top-down approach" +" now needs to go beyond doing everything in memory, and the index data " +"structure now needs to be disk-based." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Roughly speaking, most storage engines out there are based either on B-Trees" +" or LSM Trees, or some variations of those." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But when building an immutable database, update-in-place B-Trees aren't an " +"option, as it doesn't accommodate keeping historical views of the tree. LSM " +"Trees may seem a better alternative, but duplication on the files with " +"compaction are also ways to delete old data which is indeed useful for a " +"historical view." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I think the thing I'm after is a mix of a Copy-on-Write B-Tree, which would " +"keep historical versions with the write IO cost amortization of memtables of" +" LSM Trees. I don't know of any B-Tree variant out there that resembles " +"this, so I'll call it \"Flushing Copy-on-Write B-Tree\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I haven't written any code for this yet, so all I have is a high-level view " +"of what it will look like:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"like Copy-on-Write B-Trees, changing a leaf involves creating a new leaf and" +" building a new path from root to the leaf. The upside is that writes a lock" +" free, and no coordination is needed between readers and writers, ever;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"the downside is that a single leaf update means at least `H` new nodes that " +"will have to be flushed to disk, where `H` is the height of the tree. To " +"avoid that, the writer creates these nodes exclusively on the in-memory " +"memtable, to avoid flushing to disk on every leaf update;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"a background job will consolidate the memtable data every time it hits X MB," +" and persist it to disk, amortizing the cost of the Copy-on-Write B-Tree;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"readers than will have the extra job of getting the latest relevant disk-" +"resident value and merge it with the memtable data." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The key difference to existing Copy-on-Write B-Trees is that the new trees " +"are only periodically written to disk, and the intermediate values are kept " +"in memory. Since no node is ever updated, the page utilization is maximum as" +" it doesn't need to keep space for future inserts and updates." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"And the key difference to existing LSM Trees is that no compaction is run: " +"intermediate values are still relevant as the database grows. So this leaves" +" out tombstones and value duplication done for write performance." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"One can delete intermediate index values to reclaim space, but no data is " +"lost on the process, only old B-Tree values. And if the database ever comes " +"back to that point (like when doing a historical query), the B-Tree will " +"have to be rebuilt from a previous value. After all, the database *is* a set" +" of datoms, and everything else is just derived data." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Right now I'm still reading about other data structures that storage engines" +" use, and I'll start implementing the \"Flushing Copy-on-Write B-Tree\" as I" +" learn more[^learn-more-db] and mature it more." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^learn-more-db]: If you are interested in learning more about this too, the" +" very best two resources on this subject are Andy Pavlo's \"[Intro to " +"Database " +"Systems](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSE8ODhjZXjbohkNBWQs_otTrBTrjyohi)\"" +" course and Alex Petrov's \"[Database " +"Internals](https://www.databass.dev/)\" book." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Bottom-up: parser combinators and FFI" +msgstr "" + +msgid "I chose Rust as it has the best WebAssembly tooling support." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"My goal is not to build a Rust database, but a database that happens to be " +"in Rust. In order to reach client platforms, the primary API is the FFI one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I'm not very happy with current tools for exposing Rust code via FFI to the " +"external world: they either mix C with C++, which I don't want to do, or " +"provide no access to the intermediate representation of the FFI, which would" +" be useful for generating binding for any language that speaks FFI." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I like better the path that the author of " +"[cbindgen](https://github.com/eqrion/cbindgen) crate " +"[proposes](https://blog.eqrion.net/future-directions-for-cbindgen/): " +"emitting an data representation of the Rust C API (the author calls is a " +"`ffi.json` file), and than building transformers from the data " +"representation to the target language. This way you could generate a C API " +"*and* the node-ffi bindings for JavaScript automatically from the Rust code." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"So the first thing to be done before moving on is an FFI exporter that " +"doesn't mix C and C++, and generates said `ffi.json`, and than build a few " +"transformers that take this `ffi.json` and generate the language bindings, " +"be it C, C++, JavaScript, TypeScript, Kotlin, Swift, Dart, *etc*[^ffi-" +"langs]." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^ffi-langs]: Those are, specifically, the languages I'm more interested on." +" My goal is supporting client applications, and those languages are the most" +" relevant for doing so: C for GTK, C++ for Qt, JavaScript and TypeScript for" +" Node.js and browser, Kotlin for Android and Swing, Swift for iOS, and Dart " +"for Flutter." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I think the best way to get there is by taking the existing code for " +"cbindgen, which uses the [syn](https://github.com/dtolnay/syn) crate to " +"parse the Rust code[^rust-syn], and adapt it to emit the metadata." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^rust-syn]: The fact that syn is an external crate to the Rust compiler " +"points to a big warning: procedural macros are not first class in Rust. They" +" are just like Babel plugins in JavaScript land, with the extra shortcoming " +"that there is no specification for the Rust syntax, unlike JavaScript." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As flawed as this may be, it seems to be generally acceptable and adopted,\n" +"which works against building a solid ecosystem for Rust.\n" +"\n" +"The alternative that rust-ffi implements relies on internals of the Rust\n" +"compiler, which isn't actually worst, just less common and less accepted.\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After \"finishing\" ParsecC I'll have a good notion of what a good C API is," +" and I'll have a better direction towards how to expose code from libedn to " +"other languages, and work on x-bindgen then." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"What both libedn and ParsecC are missing right now are proper error " +"reporting, and property-based testing for libedn." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I've learned a lot already, and I feel the journey I'm on is worth going " +"through." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If any of those topics interest you, message me to discuss more or " +"contribute! Patches welcome!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "eu_categories: mediator" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[[person :likes \"pizza\" 0 true]\n" +" [0 :parent :db/root 0 true]\n" +" [person :likes \"bread\" 1 true]\n" +" [person :likes \"pizza\" 1 false]\n" +" [1 :parent 0 1 true]]\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "updated_at: 2021-02-09" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I've started a fork of cbindgen: ~~x-bindgen~~[^x-bindgen]. Right now it is " +"just a copy of cbindgen verbatim, and I plan to remove all C and C++ " +"emitting code from it, and add a IR emitting code instead." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^x-bindgen]: *EDIT*: now archived, the experimentation was fun. I've " +"started to move more towards C, so this effort became deprecated." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When starting working on x-bindgen, I realized I didn't know what to look " +"for in a header file, as I haven't written any C code in many years. So as I" +" was writing [libedn](https://euandreh.xyz/libedn.git/), I didn't know how " +"to build a good C API to expose. So I tried porting the code to C, and right" +" now I'm working on building a *good* C API for a JSON parser using parser " +"combinators: ~~ParsecC~~ [^parsecc]." +msgstr "" + +msgid "[^parsecc]: *EDIT*: now also archived." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "I've started a fork of cbindgen: " +#~ "[x-bindgen](https://euandreh.xyz/x-bindgen.git/). Right now it is just a " +#~ "copy of cbindgen verbatim, and I plan to remove all C and C++ emitting code " +#~ "from it, and add a IR emitting code instead." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When starting working on x-bindgen, I realized I didn't know what to look " +#~ "for in a header file, as I haven't written any C code in many years. So as I" +#~ " was writing [libedn](https://euandreh.xyz/libedn.git/), I didn't know how " +#~ "to build a good C API to expose. So I tried porting the code to C, and right" +#~ " now I'm working on building a *good* C API for a JSON parser using parser " +#~ "combinators: ~~ParsecC~~ *EDIT*: now archived, the experimentation was fun." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "updated_at: 2020-11-14" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When starting working on x-bindgen, I realized I didn't know what to look " +#~ "for in a header file, as I haven't written any C code in many years. So as I" +#~ " was writing [libedn](https://euandreh.xyz/libedn.git/), I didn't know how " +#~ "to build a good C API to expose. So I tried porting the code to C, and right" +#~ " now I'm working on building a *good* C API for a JSON parser using parser " +#~ "combinators: [ParsecC](https://euandreh.xyz/parsecc.git/)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "I've started a fork of cbindgen: " +#~ "[x-bindgen](https://euandreh.xyz/x-bindgen.git/). Right now it is just a " +#~ "copy of cbindgen verbatim, and I plan to remove all C and C++ emitting code " +#~ "from it, and add a IR emitting code instead." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When starting working on x-bindgen, I realized I didn't know what to look " +#~ "for in a header file, as I haven't written any C code in many years. So as I" +#~ " was writing [libedn](https://euandreh.xyz/libedn.git/), I didn't know how " +#~ "to build a good C API to expose. So I tried porting the code to C, and right" +#~ " now I'm working on building a *good* C API for a JSON parser using parser " +#~ "combinators: [ParsecC](https://euandreh.xyz/parsecc.git/)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When starting working on x-bindgen, I realized I didn't know what to look " +#~ "for in a header file, as I haven't written any C code in many years. So as I" +#~ " was writing [libedn](https://euandreh.xyz/libedn.git/), I didn't know how " +#~ "to build a good C API to expose. So I tried porting the code to C, and right" +#~ " now I'm working on building a *good* C API for a JSON parser using parser " +#~ "combinators: [ParsecC](https://euandreh.xyz/parsecc.git/)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[[person :likes \"pizza\" 0 true]\n" +#~ " [0 :parent null 0 true]\n" +#~ " [person :likes \"bread\" 1 true]\n" +#~ " [person :likes \"pizza\" 1 false]\n" +#~ " [1 :parent 0 1 true]]\n" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "category: mediator" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-14-local-first-software-you-own-your-data-in-spite-of-the-cloud-article-review.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-14-local-first-software-you-own-your-data-in-spite-of-the-cloud-article-review.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03ca2c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2020-11-14-local-first-software-you-own-your-data-in-spite-of-the-cloud-article-review.po @@ -0,0 +1,514 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: \"Local-First Software: You Own Your Data, in spite of the Cloud - " +"article review\"" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2020-11-14" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ref: local-first-software-you-own-your-data-in-spite-of-the-cloud-article-" +"review" +msgstr "" + +msgid "eu_categories: presentation,article review" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"*This article is derived from a [presentation][presentation] given at a " +"Papers We Love meetup on the same subject.*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a review of the article \"[Local-First Software: You Own Your Data, " +"in spite of the Cloud][article-pdf]\", by M. Kleppmann, A. Wiggins, P. Van " +"Hardenberg and M. F. McGranaghan." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Offline-first, local-first" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The \"local-first\" term they use isn't new, and I have used it myself in " +"the past to refer to this types of application, where the data lives " +"primarily on the client, and there are conflict resolution algorithms that " +"reconcile data created on different instances." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Sometimes I see confusion with this idea and \"client-side\", \"offline-" +"friendly\", \"syncable\", etc. I have myself used this terms, also." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"There exists, however, already the \"offline-first\" term, which conveys " +"almost all of that meaning. In my view, \"local-first\" doesn't extend " +"\"offline-first\" in any aspect, rather it gives a well-defined meaning to " +"it instead. I could say that \"local-first\" is just \"offline-first\", but " +"with 7 well-defined ideals instead of community best practices." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[presentation]: {% link _slides/2020-11-14-on-local-first-beyond-the-crdt-" +"silver-bullet.slides %} [article-pdf]: " +"https://martin.kleppmann.com/papers/local-first.pdf" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Software licenses" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On a footnote of the 7th ideal (\"You Retain Ultimate Ownership and " +"Control\"), the authors say:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In our opinion, maintaining control and ownership of data does not mean that" +" the software must necessarily be open source. (...) as long as it does not " +"artificially restrict what users can do with their files." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"#!/bin/sh\n" +"\n" +"TODAY=$(date +%s)\n" +"LICENSE_EXPIRATION=$(date -d 2020-11-15 +%s)\n" +"\n" +"if [ $TODAY -ge $LICENSE_EXPIRATION ]; then\n" +" echo 'License expired!'\n" +" exit 1\n" +"fi\n" +"\n" +"echo $((2 + 2))\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Now when using this very useful program:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"# today\n" +"$ ./useful-adder.sh\n" +"4\n" +"# tomorrow\n" +"$ ./useful-adder.sh\n" +"License expired!\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is obviously an intentional restriction, and it goes against the 5th " +"ideal (\"The Long Now\"). This software would only be useful as long as the " +"embedded license expiration allowed. Sure you could change the clock on the " +"computer, but there are many other ways that this type of intentional " +"restriction is in conflict with that ideal." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However, what about unintentional restrictions? What if a software had an " +"equal or similar restriction, and stopped working after days pass? Or what " +"if the programmer added a constant to make the development simpler, and this" +" led to unintentionally restricting the user?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"# today\n" +"$ useful-program\n" +"# ...useful output...\n" +"\n" +"# tomorrow, with more data\n" +"$ useful-program\n" +"ERROR: Panic! Stack overflow!\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"An open specification could serve as a blueprint to other implementations, " +"making the data format more friendly to reverse-engineering. But the re-" +"implementation still has to exist, at which point the original software " +"failed to achieve \"The Long Now\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "It is less bad, but still not quite there yet." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Denial of existing solutions" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When describing \"Existing Data Storage and Sharing Models\", on a " +"footnote[^devil] the authors say:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^devil]: This is the second aspect that I'm picking on the article from a " +"footnote. I guess the devil really is on the details." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In principle it is possible to collaborate without a repository service, " +"e.g. by sending patch files by email, but the majority of Git users rely on " +"GitHub." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The authors go to a great length to talk about usability of cloud apps, and " +"even point to research they've done on it, but they've missed learning more " +"from local-first solutions that already exist." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Say the automerge CRDT proves to be even more useful than what everybody " +"imagined. Say someone builds a local-first repository service using it. How " +"will it change anything of the Git/GitHub model? What is different about it " +"that prevents people in the future writing a paper saying:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In principle it is possible to collaborate without a repository service, " +"e.g. by using automerge and platform X, but the majority of Git users rely " +"on GitHub." +msgstr "" + +msgid "How is this any better?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If it is already [possible](https://drewdevault.com/2018/07/23/Git-is-" +"already-distributed.html) to have a local-first development workflow, why " +"don't people use it? Is it just fashion, or there's a fundamental problem " +"with it? If so, what is it, and how to avoid it?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If sending patches by emails is perfectly possible but out of fashion, why " +"even talk about Git/GitHub? Isn't this a problem that people are putting " +"themselves in? How can CRDTs possibly prevent people from doing that?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"My impression is that the authors envision a better future, where " +"development is fully decentralized unlike today, and somehow CRDTs will make" +" that happen. If more people think this way, \"CRDT\" is next in line to the" +" buzzword list that solves everything, like \"containers\", \"blockchain\" " +"or \"machine learning\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Rather than picturing an imaginary service that could be described like " +"\"GitHub+CRDTs\" and people would adopt it, I'd rather better understand why" +" people don't do it already, since Git is built to work like that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Ditching of web applications" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The authors put web application in a worse position for building local-first" +" application, claiming that:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"(...) the architecture of web apps remains fundamentally server-centric. " +"Offline support is an afterthought in most web apps, and the result is " +"accordingly fragile." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Well, I disagree." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The problem isn't inherit to the web platform, but instead how people use " +"it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I have myself built offline-first applications, leveraging IndexedDB, App " +"Cache, *etc*. I wanted to build an offline-first application on the web, and" +" so I did." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In fact, many people choose [PouchDB](https://pouchdb.com/) *because* of " +"that, since it is a good tool for offline-first web applications. The " +"problem isn't really the technology, but how much people want their " +"application to be local-first." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Contrast it with Android [Instant " +"Apps](https://developer.android.com/topic/google-play-instant), where " +"applications are sent to the phone in small parts. Since this requires an " +"internet connection to move from a part of the app bundle to another, a " +"subset of the app isn't local-first, despite being an app." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The point isn't the technology, but how people are using it. Local-first web" +" applications are perfectly possible, just like non-local-first native " +"applications are possible." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Costs are underrated" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I think the costs of \"old-fashioned apps\" over \"cloud apps\" are " +"underrated, mainly regarding storage, and that this costs can vary a lot by " +"application." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Say a person writes online articles for their personal website, and puts " +"everything into Git. Since there isn't supposed to be any collaboration, all" +" of the relevant ideals of local-first are achieved." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Now another person creates videos instead of articles. They could try " +"keeping everything local, but after some time the storage usage fills the " +"entire disk. This person's local-first setup would be much more complex, and" +" would cost much more on maintenance, backup and storage." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though both have similar needs, a local-first video repository is much " +"more demanding. So the local-first thinking here isn't \"just keep " +"everything local\", but \"how much time and money am I willing to spend to " +"keep everything local\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The convenience of \"cloud apps\" becomes so attractive that many don't even" +" have a local copy of their videos, and rely exclusively on service " +"providers to maintain, backup and store their content." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The dial measuring \"cloud apps\" and \"old-fashioned apps\" needs to be " +"specific to use-cases." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Real-time collaboration is optional" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If I were the one making the list of ideals, I wouldn't focus so much on " +"real-time collaboration." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though seamless collaboration is desired, it being real-time depends on" +" the network being available for that. But ideal 3 states that \"The Network" +" is Optional\", so real-time collaboration is also optional." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The fundamentals of a local-first system should enable real-time " +"collaboration when network is available, but shouldn't focus on it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On many places when discussing applications being offline, it is common for " +"me to find people saying that their application works \"even on a plane, " +"subway or elevator\". That is a reflection of when said developers have to " +"deal with networks being unavailable." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When discussing \"working offline\", I'd rather keep this type of person in " +"mind, then the subset of people who are offline when on the elevator will " +"naturally be included." +msgstr "" + +msgid "On CRDTs and developer experience" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When discussing developer experience, the authors bring up some questions to" +" be answered further, like:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For an app developer, how does the use of a CRDT-based data layer compare to" +" existing storage layers like a SQL database, a filesystem, or CoreData? Is " +"a distributed system harder to write software for?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "That is an easy one: yes." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A distributed system *is* harder to write software for, being a distributed " +"system." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I liked a lot the article, as it took the \"offline-first\" philosophy and " +"ran with it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But I think the authors' view of adding CRDTs and things becoming local-" +"first is a bit too magical." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It is a step forward, and given the number of times I've seen the paper " +"shared around I think there's a chance people will prefer saying \"local-" +"first\" in *lieu* of \"offline-first\" from now on." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"They give examples of artificial restrictions, like this artificial " +"restriction I've come up with:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Just as easily as I can come up with ways to intentionally restrict users, I" +" can do the same for unintentionally restrictions. A program can stop " +"working for a variety of reasons." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If it stops working due do, say, data growth, what are the options? " +"Reverting to an earlier backup, and making it read-only? That isn't really a" +" \"Long Now\", but rather a \"Long Now as long as the software keeps working" +" as expected\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A colleague has challenged my view, arguing that the software doesn't really" +" need to be free, as long as there is an specification of the file format. " +"This way if the software stops working, the format can still be processed by" +" other programs. But this doesn't apply in practice: if you have a document " +"that you write to, and software stops working, you still want to write to " +"the document. An external tool that navigates the content and shows it to " +"you won't allow you to keep writing, and when it does that tool is now " +"starting to re-implement the software." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But this leaves out a big chunk of the world where internet connection is " +"intermittent, or only works every other day or only once a week, or stops " +"working when it rains, *etc*. For this audience, living without network " +"connectivity isn't such a discrete moment in time, but part of every day " +"life. I like the fact that the authors acknowledge that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Adding a large layer of data structures and algorithms will make it more " +"complex to write software for, naturally. And if trying to make this layer " +"transparent to the programmer, so they can pretend that layer doesn't exist " +"is a bad idea, as RPC frameworks have tried, and failed." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"See \"[A Note on Distributed " +"Computing](https://web.archive.org/web/20130116163535/http://labs.oracle.com/techrep/1994/smli_tr-94-29.pdf)\"" +" for a critique on RPC frameworks trying to make the network invisible, " +"which I think also applies in equivalence for making the CRDTs layer " +"invisible." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This particular area is one that I have large interest on, and I wish to see" +" more being done on the \"local-first\" space." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The point is: if the software isn't free, \"The Long Now\" isn't achievable " +"without a lot of wishful thinking. Maybe the authors were trying to be more " +"friendly towards business who don't like free software, but in doing so " +"they've proposed a contradiction by reconciling \"The Long Now\" with " +"proprietary software." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"It isn't the same as saying that any free software achieves that ideal, " +"either. The license can still be free, but the source code can become " +"unavailable due to cloud rot. Or maybe the build is undocumented, or the " +"build tools had specific configuration that one has to guess. A piece of " +"free software can still fail to achieve \"The Long Now\". Being free doesn't" +" guarantee it, just makes it possible." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The point is: if the software isn't free/libre, \"The Long Now\" isn't " +#~ "achievable without a lot of wishful thinking. Maybe the authors were trying " +#~ "to be more friendly towards business who don't like libre software, but in " +#~ "doing so they've proposed a contradiction by reconciling \"The Long Now\" " +#~ "with proprietary software." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It isn't the same as saying that any free/libre software achieves that " +#~ "ideal, either. The license can still be free, but the source code can become" +#~ " unavailable due to cloud rot. Or maybe the build is undocumented, or the " +#~ "build tools had specific configuration that one has to guess. A piece of " +#~ "free/libre software can still fail to achieve \"The Long Now\". Being free " +#~ "doesn't guarantee it, just makes it possible." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "They give examples of artificial restrictions, like this one:" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Just as easily as I can come up with ways to intentionally restrict users, " +#~ "just as easily I can do the same for unintentionally restricting users. A " +#~ "program can stop working for a variety of reasons." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If it stops working due do data growth, what are the options? Reverting to " +#~ "an earlier backup, and making it read-only? That isn't really a \"Long " +#~ "Now\", but rather a \"Long Now as long as the software keeps working as " +#~ "expected\"." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "A colleague has challenged my view, arguing that the software doesn't really" +#~ " need to be free, as long as there is an specification of the file format. " +#~ "This way is the software stops working, the format can still be processed by" +#~ " other programs. But this doesn't apply in practice: if you have a document " +#~ "that you write to, and software stops working, you still want to write to " +#~ "the document. An external tool that navigates the content and shows it to " +#~ "you won't allow you to keep writing, and when it does that tool is now " +#~ "starting to re-implement the software." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "But this leaves out a big chunk of the world where internet connection is " +#~ "intermittent, or only work every other day or only once a week, or stops " +#~ "working when it rains, *etc*. For this audience, living without network " +#~ "connectivity isn't such a discrete moment in time, but part of every day " +#~ "life. I like the fact that the authors acknowledge that." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Adding a large layer of data structures and algorithms will make it more " +#~ "complex to write software for, naturally. And if trying to make this layer " +#~ "transparent to the programmer, so they can pretend that layer doesn't exist " +#~ "is a bad idea, as RPC frameworks have tried, and failed. See \"[A Note on " +#~ "Distributed " +#~ "Computing](https://web.archive.org/web/20130116163535/http://labs.oracle.com/techrep/1994/smli_tr-94-29.pdf)\"" +#~ " for a critique on RPC frameworks trying to make the network invisible, " +#~ "which I think also applies in equivalence for making the CRDTs layer " +#~ "invisible." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It is a step forward, and given the number of times I've seen the paper " +#~ "shared around I think there's a chance people will prefer saying \"local-" +#~ "first\" in lieu of \"offline-first\" from now on." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-01-26-ann-remembering-add-memory-to-dmenu-fzf-and-similar-tools.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-01-26-ann-remembering-add-memory-to-dmenu-fzf-and-similar-tools.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f71c98f --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-01-26-ann-remembering-add-memory-to-dmenu-fzf-and-similar-tools.po @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "title: \"ANN: remembering - Add memory to dmenu, fzf and similar tools\"" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2021-01-26" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "ref: ann-remembering-add-memory-to-dmenu-fzf-and-similar-tools" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Previous solution" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I previously used [yeganesh](http://dmwit.com/yeganesh/) fill this gap, but " +"as I started to rely less on Emacs, I added fzf as my go-to tool for doing " +"fuzzy searching on the terminal. But I didn't like that fzf always showed " +"the same order of things, when I would only need 3 or 4 commonly used files." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For those who don't know: yeganesh is a wrapper around dmenu that will " +"remember your most used programs and put them on the beginning of the list " +"of executables. This is very convenient for interactive prolonged use, as " +"with time the things you usually want are right at the very beginning." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"But now I had this thing, yeganesh, that solved this problem for dmenu, but " +"didn't for fzf." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I initially considered patching yeganesh to support it, but I found it more " +"coupled to dmenu than I would desire. I'd rather have something that knows " +"nothing about dmenu, fzf or anything, but enhances tools like those in a " +"useful way." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Implementation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Other than being decoupled from dmenu, another improvement I though that " +"could be made on top of yeganesh is the programming language choice. Instead" +" of Haskell, I went with POSIX sh. Sticking to POSIX sh makes it require " +"less build-time dependencies. There aren't any, actually. Packaging is made " +"much easier due to that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The good thing is that the program itself is small enough ([119 " +"lines](https://euandreh.xyz/remembering.git/tree/remembering?id=v0.1.0) on " +"v0.1.0) that POSIX sh does the job just fine, combined with other POSIX " +"utilities such as " +"[getopts](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/getopts.html)," +" [sort](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/sort.html) " +"and " +"[awk](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/awk.html)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The behaviour is: given a program that will read from STDIN and write a " +"single entry to STDOUT, `remembering` wraps that program, and rearranges " +"STDIN so that previous choices appear at the beginning." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Where you would do:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ seq 5 | fzf\n" +"\n" +" 5\n" +" 4\n" +" 3\n" +" 2\n" +"> 1\n" +" 5/5\n" +">\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "And every time get the same order of numbers, now you can write:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ seq 5 | remembering -p seq-fzf -c fzf\n" +"\n" +" 5\n" +" 4\n" +" 3\n" +" 2\n" +"> 1\n" +" 5/5\n" +">\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"On the first run, everything is the same. If you picked 4 on the previous " +"example, the following run would be different:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ seq 5 | remembering -p seq-fzf -c fzf\n" +"\n" +" 5\n" +" 3\n" +" 2\n" +" 1\n" +"> 4\n" +" 5/5\n" +">\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As time passes, the list would adjust based on the frequency of your " +"choices." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I aimed for reusability, so that I could wrap diverse commands with " +"`remembering` and it would be able to work. To accomplish that, a " +"\"profile\" (the `-p something` part) stores data about different runs " +"separately." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I took the idea of building something small with few dependencies to other " +"places too:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "the tests are just more POSIX sh files;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "and a POSIX Makefile to `check` and `install`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I was aware of the value of sticking to coding to standards, but I had past " +"experience mostly with programming language standards, such as ECMAScript, " +"Common Lisp, Scheme, or with IndexedDB or DOM APIs. It felt good to " +"rediscover these nice POSIX tools, which makes me remember of a quote by " +"[Henry Spencer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Spencer#cite_note-3):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Those who do not understand Unix are condemned to reinvent it, poorly." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Usage examples" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Here are some functions I wrote myself that you may find useful:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Run a command with fzf on `$PWD`" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"f() {\n" +" profile=\"$f-shell-function(pwd | sed -e 's_/_-_g')\"\n" +" file=\"$(git ls-files | \\\n" +" remembering -p \"$profile\" \\\n" +" -c \"fzf --select-1 --exit -0 --query \\\"$2\\\" --preview 'cat {}'\")\"\n" +" if [ -n \"$file\" ]; then\n" +" # shellcheck disable=2068\n" +" history -s f $@\n" +" history -s \"$1\" \"$file\"\n" +" \"$1\" \"$file\"\n" +"fi\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This way I can run `f vi` or `f vi config` at the root of a repository, and " +"the list of files will always appear on the most used order. Adding `pwd` to" +" the profile allows it to not mix data for different repositories." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Copy password to clipboard" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"choice=\"$(find \"$HOME/.password-store\" -type f | \\\n" +" grep -Ev '(.git|.gpg-id)' | \\\n" +" sed -e \"s|$HOME/.password-store/||\" -e 's/\\.gpg$//' | \\\n" +" remembering -p password-store \\\n" +" -c 'dmenu -l 20 -i')\"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if [ -n \"$choice\" ]; then\n" +" pass show \"$choice\" -c\n" +"fi\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Adding the above to a file and binding it to a keyboard shortcut, I can " +"access the contents of my [password store](https://www.passwordstore.org/), " +"with the entries ordered by usage." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Replacing yeganesh" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Where I previously had:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "exe=$(yeganesh -x) && exec $exe\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Now I have:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "exe=$(dmenu_path | remembering -p dmenu-exec -c dmenu) && exec $exe\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "This way, the executables appear on order of usage." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you don't have `dmenu_path`, you can get just the underlying `stest` tool" +" that looks at the executables available in your `$PATH`. Here's a juicy " +"one-liner to do it:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ wget -O- https://dl.suckless.org/tools/dmenu-5.0.tar.gz | \\\n" +" tar Ozxf - dmenu-5.0/arg.h dmenu-5.0/stest.c | \\\n" +" sed 's|^#include \"arg.h\"$|// #include \"arg.h\"|' | \\\n" +" cc -xc - -o stest\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With the `stest` utility you'll be able to list executables in your `$PATH` " +"and pipe them to dmenu or something else yourself:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ (IFS=:; ./stest -flx $PATH;) | sort -u | remembering -p another-dmenu-exec" +" -c dmenu | sh\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "In fact, the code for `dmenu_path` is almost just like that." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Patches welcome!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "the manpages are written in troff directly;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For my personal use, I've [packaged](https://euandreh.xyz/package-.git" +"repository/) `remembering` for GNU Guix and Nix. Packaging it to any other " +"distribution should be trivial, or just downloading the tarball and running " +"`[sudo] make install`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Today I pushed v0.1.0 of [remembering](https://euandreh.xyz/remembering/), a" +" tool to enhance the interactive usability of menu-like tools, such as " +"[dmenu](https://tools.suckless.org/dmenu/) and " +"[fzf](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf)." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Today I pushed v0.1.0 of [remembering](https://remembering.euandreh.xyz), a " +#~ "tool to enhance the interactive usability of menu-like tools, such as " +#~ "[dmenu](https://tools.suckless.org/dmenu/) and " +#~ "[fzf](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "For my personal use, I've packaged `remembering` for [GNU " +#~ "Guix](https://euandreh.xyz/euandreh-guix-channel.git/) and " +#~ "[Nix](https://euandreh.xyz/dotfiles.git/tree/nixos/not-on-" +#~ "nixpkgs/remembering.nix?id=0831444f745cf908e940407c3e00a61f6152961f). " +#~ "Packaging it to any other distribution should be trivial, or just " +#~ "downloading the tarball and running `[sudo] make install`." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "the man pages are written in troff directly;" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Today I pushed v0.1.0 of " +#~ "[remembering](https://euandreh.xyz/remembering.git/), a tool to enhance the " +#~ "interactive usability of menu-like tools, such as " +#~ "[dmenu](https://tools.suckless.org/dmenu/) and " +#~ "[fzf](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf)." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-02-16-ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-scenarios.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-02-16-ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-scenarios.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de3453b --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-02-16-ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-scenarios.po @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: \"ANN: fallible - Fault injection library for stress-testing failure " +"scenarios\"" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2021-02-16" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ref: ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-" +"scenarios" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Yesterday I pushed v0.1.0 of [fallible](https://fallible.euandreh.xyz), a " +"miniscule library for fault-injection and stress-testing C programs." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Existing solutions" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Writing robust code can be challenging, and tools like static analyzers, " +"fuzzers and friends can help you get there with more certainty. As I would " +"try to improve some of my C code and make it more robust, in order to handle" +" system crashes, filled disks, out-of-memory and similar scenarios, I didn't" +" find existing tooling to help me get there as I expected to find. I " +"couldn't find existing tools to help me explicitly stress-test those failure" +" scenarios." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Take the \"[Writing Robust " +"Programs](https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Semantics)\" " +"section of the GNU Coding Standards:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Check every system call for an error return, unless you know you wish to " +"ignore errors. (...) Check every call to malloc or realloc to see if it " +"returned NULL." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"From a robustness standpoint, this is a reasonable stance: if you want to " +"have a robust program that knows how to fail when you're out of memory and " +"`malloc` returns `NULL`, than you ought to check every call to `malloc`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Take a sample code snippet for clarity:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"At a first glance, this code is unsafe: if any of the calls to `malloc` " +"returns `NULL`, `strcpy` will be given a `NULL` pointer." +msgstr "" + +msgid "My first instinct was to change this code to something like this:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@\n" +" void a_function() {\n" +" char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ if (!s1) {\n" +"+ fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"+ exit(1);\n" +"+ }\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +" char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ if (!s2) {\n" +"+ fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"+ exit(1);\n" +"+ }\n" +" strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +" }\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As I later found out, there are at least 2 problems with this approach:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"**it gives up instead of handling failures**: the actual handling goes a bit" +" beyond stopping. What about open file handles, in-memory caches, unflushed " +"bytes, etc.?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you could force only the second call to `malloc` to fail, " +"[Valgrind](https://www.valgrind.org/) would correctly complain that the " +"program exitted with unfreed memory." +msgstr "" + +msgid "So the last change to make the best version of the above code is:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@\n" +"-void a_function() {\n" +"+bool a_function() {\n" +" char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s1) {\n" +"- fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"- exit(1);\n" +"+ return false;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +" char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s2) {\n" +"- fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"- exit(1);\n" +"+ free(s1);\n" +"+ return false;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +" }\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Instead of returning `void`, `a_function` now returns `bool` to indicate " +"whether an error ocurred during its execution. If `a_function` returned a " +"pointer to something, the return value could be `NULL`, or an `int` that " +"represents an error code." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The code is now a) safe and b) failing gracefully, returning the control to " +"the caller to properly handle the error case." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After seeing similar patterns on well designed APIs, I adopted this practice" +" for my own code, but was still left with manually verifying the correctness" +" and robustness of it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"How could I add assertions around my code that would help me make sure the " +"`free(s1);` exists, before getting an error report? How do other people and " +"projects solve this?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"From what I could see, either people a) hope for the best, b) write safe " +"code but don't strees-test it or c) write ad-hoc code to stress it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When searching for it online, an [interesting " +"thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1711170/unit-testing-for-failed-" +"malloc) caught my atention: fail the call to `malloc` for each time it is " +"called, and when the same stacktrace appears again, allow it to proceed." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Implementation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A working implementation of that already exists: " +"[mallocfail](https://github.com/ralight/mallocfail). It uses `LD_PRELOAD` to" +" replace `malloc` at run-time, computes the SHA of the stacktrace and fails " +"once for each SHA." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I initially envisioned and started implementing something very similar to " +"mallocfail. However I wanted it to go beyond out-of-memory scenarios, and " +"using `LD_PRELOAD` for every possible corner that could fail wasn't a good " +"idea on the long run." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Also, mallocfail won't work together with tools such as Valgrind, who want " +"to do their own override of `malloc` with `LD_PRELOAD`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I instead went with less automatic things: starting with a " +"`fallible_should_fail(char *filename, int lineno)` function that fails once " +"for each `filename`+`lineno` combination, I created macro wrappers around " +"common functions such as `malloc`:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"void *fallible_malloc(size_t size, const char *const filename, int lineno) {\n" +"#ifdef FALLIBLE\n" +" if (fallible_should_fail(filename, lineno)) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"#else\n" +" (void)filename;\n" +" (void)lineno;\n" +"#endif\n" +" return malloc(size);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#define MALLOC(size) fallible_malloc(size, __FILE__, __LINE__)\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With this definition, I could replace the calls to `malloc` with `MALLOC` " +"(or any other name that you want to `#define`):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"--- 3.c\t2021-02-17 00:15:38.019706074 -0300\n" +"+++ 4.c\t2021-02-17 00:44:32.306885590 -0300\n" +"@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@\n" +" bool a_function() {\n" +"- char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ char *s1 = MALLOC(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s1) {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +"- char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ char *s2 = MALLOC(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s2) {\n" +" free(s1);\n" +" return false;\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The price for such fine-grained control is that this approach requires more " +"manual work." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Usage examples" +msgstr "" + +msgid "`MALLOC` from the `README.md`" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"// leaky.c\n" +"#include <string.h>\n" +"#include <fallible_alloc.h>\n" +"\n" +"int main() {\n" +" char *aaa = MALLOC(100);\n" +" if (!aaa) {\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(aaa, \"a safe use of strcpy\");\n" +"\n" +" char *bbb = MALLOC(100);\n" +" if (!bbb) {\n" +" // free(aaa);\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(bbb, \"not unsafe, but aaa is leaking\");\n" +"\n" +" free(bbb);\n" +" free(aaa);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Compile with `-DFALLIBLE` and run [`fallible-" +"check.1`](https:/fallible.euandreh.xyz/fallible-check.1.html):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ c99 -DFALLIBLE -o leaky leaky.c -lfallible\n" +"$ fallible-check ./leaky\n" +"Valgrind failed when we did not expect it to:\n" +"(...suppressed output...)\n" +"# exit status is 1\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For my personal use, I'll [package](https://euandreh.xyz/package-.git" +"repository/) them for GNU Guix and Nix. Packaging it to any other " +"distribution should be trivial, or just downloading the tarball and running " +"`[sudo] make install`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Patches welcome!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With this change, if the program gets compiled with the `-DFALLIBLE` flag " +"the fault-injection mechanism will run, and `MALLOC` will fail once for each" +" `filename`+`lineno` combination. When the flag is missing, `MALLOC` is a " +"very thin wrapper around `malloc`, which compilers could remove entirely, " +"and the `-lfallible` flags can be omitted." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The actual code is just this single function, " +"[`fallible_should_fail`](https://euandreh.xyz/fallible.git/tree/src/fallible.c?id=v0.1.0#n16)," +" which ended-up taking only ~40 lines. In fact, there are more lines of " +"either Makefile (111), README.md (82) or troff (306) on this first version." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"void a_function() {\n" +" char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +" char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"**it doesn't compose**: this could arguably work if `a_function` was `main`." +" But if `a_function` lives inside a library, an `exit(1);` is a inelegant " +"way of handling failures, and will catch the top-level `main` consuming the " +"library by surprise;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The most proeminent case of c) is SQLite: it has a few wrappers around the " +"familiar `malloc` to do fault injection, check for memory limits, add " +"warnings, create shim layers for other environments, etc. All of that, " +"however, is tightly couple with SQLite itself, and couldn't be easily pulled" +" off for using somewhere else." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This applies not only to `malloc` or other `stdlib.h` functions. If " +"`a_function` is important or relevant, I could add a wrapper around it too, " +"that checks if `fallible_should_fail` to exercise if its callers are also " +"doing the proper clean-up." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "void a_function() {\n" +#~ " char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +#~ " strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +#~ " strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "**it doesn't compose**: this could arguably work if `a_function` was `main`." +#~ " But if `a_function` lives inside a library, an `exit(1)` is a inelegant way" +#~ " of handling failures, and will catch the top-level `main` consuming the " +#~ "library by surprise;" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The most proeminent one is SQLite: it has a few wrapeers around the familiar" +#~ " `malloc` to do fault injection, check for memory limits, add warnings, " +#~ "create shim layers for other environments, etc. All of that, however, is " +#~ "tightly couple with SQLite itself, and couldn't be easily pulled off for " +#~ "using somewhere else." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This applies not only to `malloc` of other system calls. If `a_function` is " +#~ "important or relevant, I could add a wrapper around it too, that checks if " +#~ "`fallible_should_fail` to exercise if its callers are also doing the proper " +#~ "clean-up." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "With this change, if the program gets compiled with the `-DFALLIBLE` flag " +#~ "the fault-injection mechanism will run, and `MALLOC` will fail once for each" +#~ " `filename`+`lineno` combination. When the flag is missing, `MALLOC` is a " +#~ "very thin wrapper around `malloc`, which compilers could remove entirely." +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-02-17-ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-scenarios.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-02-17-ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-scenarios.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4f1ed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-02-17-ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-scenarios.po @@ -0,0 +1,386 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: \"ANN: fallible - Fault injection library for stress-testing failure " +"scenarios\"" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2021-02-17" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ref: ann-fallible-fault-injection-library-for-stress-testing-failure-" +"scenarios" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Existing solutions" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Writing robust code can be challenging, and tools like static analyzers, " +"fuzzers and friends can help you get there with more certainty. As I would " +"try to improve some of my C code and make it more robust, in order to handle" +" system crashes, filled disks, out-of-memory and similar scenarios, I didn't" +" find existing tooling to help me get there as I expected to find. I " +"couldn't find existing tools to help me explicitly stress-test those failure" +" scenarios." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Take the \"[Writing Robust " +"Programs](https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Semantics)\" " +"section of the GNU Coding Standards:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Check every system call for an error return, unless you know you wish to " +"ignore errors. (...) Check every call to malloc or realloc to see if it " +"returned NULL." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"From a robustness standpoint, this is a reasonable stance: if you want to " +"have a robust program that knows how to fail when you're out of memory and " +"`malloc` returns `NULL`, than you ought to check every call to `malloc`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Take a sample code snippet for clarity:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"void a_function() {\n" +" char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +" char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"At a first glance, this code is unsafe: if any of the calls to `malloc` " +"returns `NULL`, `strcpy` will be given a `NULL` pointer." +msgstr "" + +msgid "My first instinct was to change this code to something like this:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@\n" +" void a_function() {\n" +" char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ if (!s1) {\n" +"+ fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"+ exit(1);\n" +"+ }\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +" char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ if (!s2) {\n" +"+ fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"+ exit(1);\n" +"+ }\n" +" strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +" }\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"As I later found out, there are at least 2 problems with this approach:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"**it doesn't compose**: this could arguably work if `a_function` was `main`." +" But if `a_function` lives inside a library, an `exit(1);` is a inelegant " +"way of handling failures, and will catch the top-level `main` consuming the " +"library by surprise;" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"**it gives up instead of handling failures**: the actual handling goes a bit" +" beyond stopping. What about open file handles, in-memory caches, unflushed " +"bytes, etc.?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If you could force only the second call to `malloc` to fail, " +"[Valgrind](https://www.valgrind.org/) would correctly complain that the " +"program exitted with unfreed memory." +msgstr "" + +msgid "So the last change to make the best version of the above code is:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@\n" +"-void a_function() {\n" +"+bool a_function() {\n" +" char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s1) {\n" +"- fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"- exit(1);\n" +"+ return false;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +" char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s2) {\n" +"- fprintf(stderr, \"out of memory, exitting\\n\");\n" +"- exit(1);\n" +"+ free(s1);\n" +"+ return false;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(s2, \"another string\");\n" +" }\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Instead of returning `void`, `a_function` now returns `bool` to indicate " +"whether an error ocurred during its execution. If `a_function` returned a " +"pointer to something, the return value could be `NULL`, or an `int` that " +"represents an error code." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The code is now a) safe and b) failing gracefully, returning the control to " +"the caller to properly handle the error case." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"After seeing similar patterns on well designed APIs, I adopted this practice" +" for my own code, but was still left with manually verifying the correctness" +" and robustness of it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"How could I add assertions around my code that would help me make sure the " +"`free(s1);` exists, before getting an error report? How do other people and " +"projects solve this?" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"From what I could see, either people a) hope for the best, b) write safe " +"code but don't strees-test it or c) write ad-hoc code to stress it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The most proeminent case of c) is SQLite: it has a few wrappers around the " +"familiar `malloc` to do fault injection, check for memory limits, add " +"warnings, create shim layers for other environments, etc. All of that, " +"however, is tightly couple with SQLite itself, and couldn't be easily pulled" +" off for using somewhere else." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"When searching for it online, an [interesting " +"thread](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1711170/unit-testing-for-failed-" +"malloc) caught my atention: fail the call to `malloc` for each time it is " +"called, and when the same stacktrace appears again, allow it to proceed." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Implementation" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"A working implementation of that already exists: " +"[mallocfail](https://github.com/ralight/mallocfail). It uses `LD_PRELOAD` to" +" replace `malloc` at run-time, computes the SHA of the stacktrace and fails " +"once for each SHA." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I initially envisioned and started implementing something very similar to " +"mallocfail. However I wanted it to go beyond out-of-memory scenarios, and " +"using `LD_PRELOAD` for every possible corner that could fail wasn't a good " +"idea on the long run." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Also, mallocfail won't work together with tools such as Valgrind, who want " +"to do their own override of `malloc` with `LD_PRELOAD`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I instead went with less automatic things: starting with a " +"`fallible_should_fail(char *filename, int lineno)` function that fails once " +"for each `filename`+`lineno` combination, I created macro wrappers around " +"common functions such as `malloc`:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"void *fallible_malloc(size_t size, const char *const filename, int lineno) {\n" +"#ifdef FALLIBLE\n" +" if (fallible_should_fail(filename, lineno)) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"#else\n" +" (void)filename;\n" +" (void)lineno;\n" +"#endif\n" +" return malloc(size);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#define MALLOC(size) fallible_malloc(size, __FILE__, __LINE__)\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With this definition, I could replace the calls to `malloc` with `MALLOC` " +"(or any other name that you want to `#define`):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"With this change, if the program gets compiled with the `-DFALLIBLE` flag " +"the fault-injection mechanism will run, and `MALLOC` will fail once for each" +" `filename`+`lineno` combination. When the flag is missing, `MALLOC` is a " +"very thin wrapper around `malloc`, which compilers could remove entirely, " +"and the `-lfallible` flags can be omitted." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This applies not only to `malloc` or other `stdlib.h` functions. If " +"`a_function` is important or relevant, I could add a wrapper around it too, " +"that checks if `fallible_should_fail` to exercise if its callers are also " +"doing the proper clean-up." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The actual code is just this single function, " +"[`fallible_should_fail`](https://euandreh.xyz/fallible.git/tree/src/fallible.c?id=v0.1.0#n16)," +" which ended-up taking only ~40 lines. In fact, there are more lines of " +"either Makefile (111), README.md (82) or troff (306) on this first version." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The price for such fine-grained control is that this approach requires more " +"manual work." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Usage examples" +msgstr "" + +msgid "`MALLOC` from the `README.md`" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"// leaky.c\n" +"#include <string.h>\n" +"#include <fallible_alloc.h>\n" +"\n" +"int main() {\n" +" char *aaa = MALLOC(100);\n" +" if (!aaa) {\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(aaa, \"a safe use of strcpy\");\n" +"\n" +" char *bbb = MALLOC(100);\n" +" if (!bbb) {\n" +" // free(aaa);\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(bbb, \"not unsafe, but aaa is leaking\");\n" +"\n" +" free(bbb);\n" +" free(aaa);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"$ c99 -DFALLIBLE -o leaky leaky.c -lfallible\n" +"$ fallible-check ./leaky\n" +"Valgrind failed when we did not expect it to:\n" +"(...suppressed output...)\n" +"# exit status is 1\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"For my personal use, I'll [package](https://euandreh.xyz/package-.git" +"repository/) them for GNU Guix and Nix. Packaging it to any other " +"distribution should be trivial, or just downloading the tarball and running " +"`[sudo] make install`." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Patches welcome!" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"--- 3.c 2021-02-17 00:15:38.019706074 -0300\n" +"+++ 4.c 2021-02-17 00:44:32.306885590 -0300\n" +"@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@\n" +" bool a_function() {\n" +"- char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ char *s1 = MALLOC(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s1) {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +"\n" +"- char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +"+ char *s2 = MALLOC(A_NUMBER);\n" +" if (!s2) {\n" +" free(s1);\n" +" return false;\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Yesterday I pushed v0.1.0 of [fallible](https://euandreh.xyz/fallible/), a " +"miniscule library for fault-injection and stress-testing C programs." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Compile with `-DFALLIBLE` and run [`fallible-" +"check.1`](https://euandreh.xyz/fallible/fallible-check.1.html):" +msgstr "" + +msgid "updated_at: 2021-02-17" +msgstr "" + +msgid "*EDIT*" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"2021-06-12: As of [0.3.0](https://euandreh.xyz/fallible/CHANGELOG.html) (and" +" beyond), the macro interface improved and is a bit different from what is " +"presented in this article. If you're interested, I encourage you to take a " +"look at it." +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Yesterday I pushed v0.1.0 of [fallible](https://fallible.euandreh.xyz), a " +#~ "miniscule library for fault-injection and stress-testing C programs." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Compile with `-DFALLIBLE` and run [`fallible-" +#~ "check.1`](https:/fallible.euandreh.xyz/fallible-check.1.html):" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "--- 3.c\t2021-02-17 00:15:38.019706074 -0300\n" +#~ "+++ 4.c\t2021-02-17 00:44:32.306885590 -0300\n" +#~ "@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@\n" +#~ " bool a_function() {\n" +#~ "- char *s1 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +#~ "+ char *s1 = MALLOC(A_NUMBER);\n" +#~ " if (!s1) {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " strcpy(s1, \"some string\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "- char *s2 = malloc(A_NUMBER);\n" +#~ "+ char *s2 = MALLOC(A_NUMBER);\n" +#~ " if (!s2) {\n" +#~ " free(s1);\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ msgstr "" diff --git a/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-04-29-a-relational-model-of-data-for-large-shared-data-banks-article-review.po b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-04-29-a-relational-model-of-data-for-large-shared-data-banks-article-review.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a98ab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt/LC_MESSAGES/_articles/2021-04-29-a-relational-model-of-data-for-large-shared-data-banks-article-review.po @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"title: A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks - article-" +"review" +msgstr "" + +msgid "date: 2021-04-29" +msgstr "" + +msgid "layout: post" +msgstr "" + +msgid "lang: en" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"ref: a-relational-model-of-data-for-large-shared-data-banks-article-review" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is a review of the article \"[A Relational Model of Data for Large " +"Shared Data Banks](https://www.seas.upenn.edu/~zives/03f/cis550/codd.pdf)\"," +" by E. F. Codd." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Data Independence" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Codd brings the idea of *data independence* as a better approach to use on " +"databases. This is contrast with the existing approaches, namely " +"hierarquical (tree-based) and network-based." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"His main argument is that queries in applications shouldn't depende and be " +"coupled with how the data is represented internally by the database system. " +"This key idea is very powerful, and something that we strive for in many " +"other places: decoupling the interface from the implementation." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"If the database system has this separation, it can kep the querying " +"interface stable, while having the freedom to change its internal " +"representation at will, for better performance, less storage, etc." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This is true for most modern database systems. They can change from B-Trees " +"with leafs containing pointers to data, to B-Trees with leafs containing the" +" raw data , to hash tables. All that without changing the query interface, " +"only its performance." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Codd mentions that, from an information representation standpoint, any index" +" is a duplication, but useful for perfomance." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This data independence also impacts ordering (a *relation* doesn't rely on " +"the insertion order)." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Duplicates" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"His definition of relational data is a bit differente from most modern " +"database systems, namely **no duplicate rows**." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I couldn't find a reason behind this restriction, though. For practical " +"purposes, I find it useful to have it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "Relational Data" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"In the article, Codd doesn't try to define a language, and today's most " +"popular one is SQL." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"However, there is no restriction that says that \"SQL database\" and " +"\"relational database\" are synonyms. One could have a relational database " +"without using SQL at all, and it would still be a relational one." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The main one that I have in mind, and the reason that led me to reading this" +" paper in the first place, is Datomic." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Is uses an [edn]-based representation for datalog queries[^edn-queries], and" +" a particular schema used to represent data." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Even though it looks very weird when coming from SQL, I'd argue that it " +"ticks all the boxes (except for \"no duplicates\") that defines a relational" +" database, since building relations and applying operations on them is " +"possible." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Compare and contrast a contrived example of possible representations of SQL " +"and datalog of the same data:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"-- create schema\n" +"CREATE TABLE people (\n" +" id UUID PRIMARY KEY,\n" +" name TEXT NOT NULL,\n" +" manager_id UUID,\n" +" FOREIGN KEY (manager_id) REFERENCES people (id)\n" +");\n" +"\n" +"-- insert data\n" +"INSERT INTO people (id, name, manager_id) VALUES\n" +" (\"d3f29960-ccf0-44e4-be66-1a1544677441\", \"Foo\", \"076356f4-1a0e-451c-b9c6-a6f56feec941\"),\n" +" (\"076356f4-1a0e-451c-b9c6-a6f56feec941\", \"Bar\");\n" +"\n" +"-- query data, make a relation\n" +"\n" +"SELECT employees.name AS 'employee-name',\n" +" managers.name AS 'manager-name'\n" +"FROM people employees\n" +"INNER JOIN people managers ON employees.manager_id = managers.id;\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "{% raw %}" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +";; create schema\n" +"#{ {:db/ident :person/id\n" +" :db/valueType :db.type/uuid\n" +" :db/cardinality :db.cardinality/one\n" +" :db/unique :db.unique/value}\n" +" {:db/ident :person/name\n" +" :db/valueType :db.type/string\n" +" :db/cardinality :db.cardinality/one}\n" +" {:db/ident :person/manager\n" +" :db/valueType :db.type/ref\n" +" :db/cardinality :db.cardinality/one}}\n" +"\n" +";; insert data\n" +"#{ {:person/id #uuid \"d3f29960-ccf0-44e4-be66-1a1544677441\"\n" +" :person/name \"Foo\"\n" +" :person/manager [:person/id #uuid \"076356f4-1a0e-451c-b9c6-a6f56feec941\"]}\n" +" {:person/id #uuid \"076356f4-1a0e-451c-b9c6-a6f56feec941\"\n" +" :person/name \"Bar\"}}\n" +"\n" +";; query data, make a relation\n" +"{:find [?employee-name ?manager-name]\n" +" :where [[?person :person/name ?employee-name]\n" +" [?person :person/manager ?manager]\n" +" [?manager :person/name ?manager-name]]}\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "{% endraw %}" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"(forgive any errors on the above SQL and datalog code, I didn't run them to " +"check. Patches welcome!)" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"This employee example comes from the paper, and both SQL and datalog " +"representations match the paper definition of \"relational\"." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"Both \"Foo\" and \"Bar\" are employees, and the data is normalized. SQL " +"represents data as tables, and Datomic as datoms, but relations could be " +"derived from both, which we could view as:" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"employee_name | manager_name\n" +"----------------------------\n" +"\"Foo\" | \"Bar\"\n" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"[^edn-queries]: You can think of it as JSON, but with a Clojure taste. " +"[edn]: https://github.com/edn-format/edn" +msgstr "" + +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"The article also talks about operators, consistency and normalization, which" +" are now so widespread and well-known that it feels a bit weird seeing " +"someone advocating for it." +msgstr "" + +msgid "" +"I also stablish that `relational != SQL`, and other databases such as " +"Datomic are also relational, following Codd's original definition." +msgstr "" |