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-= Awk snippet: ShellCheck all scripts in a repository
-:categories: shell
-:updatedat: 2020-12-16
-
-:awk-20-min: https://ferd.ca/awk-in-20-minutes.html
-:shellcheck: https://www.shellcheck.net/
-
-Inspired by Fred Herbert's "{awk-20-min}[Awk in 20 Minutes]", here's a problem I
-just solved with a line of Awk: run ShellCheck in all scripts of a repository.
-
-In my repositories I usually have Bash and POSIX scripts, which I want to keep
-tidy with {shellcheck}[ShellCheck].  Here's the first version of
-`assert-shellcheck.sh`:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-#!/bin/sh -eux
-
-find . -type f -name '*.sh' -print0 | xargs -0 shellcheck
-----
-
-This is the type of script that I copy around to all repositories, and I want it
-to be capable of working on any repository, without requiring a list of files to
-run ShellCheck on.
-
-This first version worked fine, as all my scripts had the `.sh' ending.  But I
-recently added some scripts without any extension, so `assert-shellcheck.sh`
-called for a second version.  The first attempt was to try grepping the shebang
-line:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-$ grep '^#!/' assert-shellcheck.sh
-#!/usr/sh
-----
-
-Good, we have a grep pattern on the first try.  Let's try to find all the
-matching files:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-$ find . -type f | xargs grep -l '^#!/'
-./TODOs.org
-./.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample
-./.git/hooks/pre-push.sample
-./.git/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample
-./.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample
-./.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
-./.git/hooks/pre-push
-./.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
-./.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample
-./.git/hooks/post-update.sample
-./.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample
-./.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
-./.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
-./.git/hooks/update.sample
-./build-aux/with-guile-env.in
-./build-aux/test-driver
-./build-aux/missing
-./build-aux/install-sh
-./build-aux/install-sh~
-./bootstrap
-./scripts/assert-todos.sh
-./scripts/songbooks
-./scripts/compile-readme.sh
-./scripts/ci-build.sh
-./scripts/generate-tasks-and-bugs.sh
-./scripts/songbooks.in
-./scripts/with-container.sh
-./scripts/assert-shellcheck.sh
-----
-
-This approach has a problem, though: it includes files ignored by Git, such as
-`builld-aux/install-sh~`, and even goes into the `.git/` directory and finds
-sample hooks in `.git/hooks/*`.
-
-To list the files that Git is tracking we'll try `git ls-files`:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-$ git ls-files | xargs grep -l '^#!/'
-TODOs.org
-bootstrap
-build-aux/with-guile-env.in
-old/scripts/assert-docs-spelling.sh
-old/scripts/build-site.sh
-old/scripts/builder.bats.sh
-scripts/assert-shellcheck.sh
-scripts/assert-todos.sh
-scripts/ci-build.sh
-scripts/compile-readme.sh
-scripts/generate-tasks-and-bugs.sh
-scripts/songbooks.in
-scripts/with-container.sh
-----
-
-It looks to be almost there, but the `TODOs.org` entry shows a flaw in it: grep
-is looking for a +'^#!/'+ pattern on any part of the file.  In my case,
-`TODOs.org` had a snippet in the middle of the file where a line started with
-+#!/bin/sh+.
-
-So what we actually want is to match the *first* line against the pattern.  We
-could loop through each file, get the first line with `head -n 1` and grep
-against that, but this is starting to look messy.  I bet there is another way of
-doing it concisely...
-
-Let's try Awk.  I need a way to select the line numbers to replace `head -n 1`,
-and to stop processing the file if the pattern matches.  A quick search points
-me to using `FNR` for the former, and `{ nextline }` for the latter.  Let's try
-it:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-$ git ls-files | xargs awk 'FNR>1 { nextfile } /^#!\// { print FILENAME; nextfile }'
-bootstrap
-build-aux/with-guile-env.in
-old/scripts/assert-docs-spelling.sh
-old/scripts/build-site.sh
-old/scripts/builder.bats.sh
-scripts/assert-shellcheck.sh
-scripts/assert-todos.sh
-scripts/ci-build.sh
-scripts/compile-readme.sh
-scripts/generate-tasks-and-bugs.sh
-scripts/songbooks.in
-scripts/with-container.sh
-----
-
-Great!  Only `TODOs.org` is missing, but the script is much better: instead of
-matching against any part of the file that may have a shebang-like line, we only
-look for the first.  Let's put it back into the `assert-shellcheck.sh` file and
-use `NULL` for separators to accommodate files with spaces in the name:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-#!/usr/sh -eux
-
-git ls-files -z | \
-  xargs -0 awk 'FNR>1 { nextfile } /^#!\// { print FILENAME; nextfile }' | \
-  xargs shellcheck
-----
-
-This is where I've stopped, but I imagine a likely improvement: match against
-only +#!/bin/sh+ and +#!/usr/bin/env bash+ shebangs (the ones I use most), to
-avoid running ShellCheck on Perl files, or other shebangs.
-
-Also when reviewing the text of this article, I found that `{ nextfile }` is a
-GNU Awk extension.  It would be an improvement if `assert-shellcheck.sh` relied
-on the POSIX subset of Awk for working correctly.
-
-== _Update_
-
-After publishing, I could remove `{ nextfile }` and even make the script
-simpler:
-
-[source,sh]
-----
-#!/usr/sh -eux
-
-git ls-files -z | \
-  xargs -0 awk 'FNR==1 && /^#!\// { print FILENAME }' | \
-  xargs shellcheck
-----
-
-Now both the shell and Awk usage are POSIX compatible.