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posix has resolved to add this usage; for now, we just avoid writing
anything to the new locale object since it's not used anyway.
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if the buffer is too short, at least return a partial string. this is
helpful if the caller is lazy and does not check for failure. care is
taken to avoid writing anything if the buffer length is zero, and to
always null-terminate when the buffer length is non-zero.
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this one could never cause any problems unless the compiler/machine
goes to extra trouble to break oob pointer arithmetic, but it's best
to fix it anyway.
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patch by nsz
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dynamic-allocation of the structure is not valid; it can crash an
application if malloc fails. since localeconv is not specified to have
failure conditions, the object needs to have static storage duration.
need to review whether all the values are right or not still..
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this was actually dangerously wrong, but presumably nobody uses this
broken function anymore anyway..
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if we eventually have build options, it might be nice to make an
option to dummy this out again, in case anybody needs a system-wide
disable for disk/ssd-thrashing, etc. that some daemons do when
logging...
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large precision values could cause out-of-bounds pointer arithmetic in
computing the precision cutoff (used to avoid expensive long-precision
arithmetic when the result will be discarded). per the C standard,
this is undefined behavior. one would expect that it works anyway, and
in fact it did in most real-world cases, but it was randomly
(depending on aslr) crashing in i386 binaries running on x86_64
kernels. this is because linux puts the userspace stack near 4GB
(instead of near 3GB) when the kernel is 64-bit, leading to the
out-of-bounds pointer arithmetic overflowing past the end of address
space and giving a very low pointer value, which then compared lower
than a pointer it should have been higher than.
the new code rearranges the arithmetic so that no overflow can occur.
while this bug could crash printf with memory corruption, it's
unlikely to have security impact in real-world applications since the
ability to provide an extremely large field precision value under
attacker-control is required to trigger the bug.
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